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in rem suam convertere

  • 1 res

    rēs, rĕi, f.    - gén. sing. rēi avec e long, Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236 --- gén. sing. monosyl. à la fin du vers, Lucr. 3, 918; et au milieu du vers, Lucr. 4, 885, et Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6.    - voir l'article res de Gaffiot. [st1]1 [-] chose, objet, affaire (sens vague précisé par un adjectif); chose matérielle, corps, créature, être; res explétif; cela (fonction de pron. de rappel).    - res futurae: l'avenir.    - in forum vocas, eo vocas unde etiam bonis meis rebus fugiebam, Cic. Att. 12, 21, 5: tu m'invites à fréquenter le forum, tu m'invites dans un lieu que je fuyais même à l'époque où ma maison connaissait le bonheur.    - res humanae: la condition humaine, la destinée humaine.    - res familiaris: patrimoine.    - res frumentaria: l'approvisionnement en blé, le ravitaillement en blé.    - res novae: la révolution politique.    - res divinae: le sacrifice; le culte des dieux.    - res uxoria: - [abcl]a - dot. - [abcl]b - Ter. mariage.    - abhorrens ab re uxoria, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10: réfractaire au mariage.    - in arbitrio rei uxoriae, Cic. Off. 3: lors d'un arbitrage concernant la dot.    - bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt, Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76: nos ancêtres ne voulurent pas qu'une action guerrière fût menée sans auspices.    - res solida, Lucr.: corps solide.    - causae rerum: les causes.    - rerum natura: la nature, le monde.    - quid agis, dulcissime rerum? Hor.: comment vas-tu, mon très cher?    - cujus rei ? = de quoi?    - nullius rei: de rien    - nulli rei nisi sacris operam dare: ne se consacrer qu'aux cérémonies religieuses.    - quid ad rem ? = qu'importe cela?    - quid hoc rei est ? = qu'est-ce que cela?    - se ad eam rem paratos esse arbitrati sunt: ils estimèrent qu'ils étaient préparés pour cela. [st1]2 [-] ce qui est fait: réalité, chose.    - re ipsā (re verā): en réalité.    - res… spes: le présent… l'avenir.    - qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt, Cic. Nat. 3: ceux qui affirment que les dieux n’existent pas dans la réalité mais dans l’imagination.    - rem sectari, non verba, Cic.: s'attacher au fond, non aux mots. [st1]3 [-] ce qui concerne qqn ou qqch: art, profession, métier, carrière.    - res militaris: la guerre, l'art militaire.    - rei militaris laus: gloire militaire.    - res navalis: la marine.    - res pecuaria: l'élevage.    - erat ei pecuaria res ampla, et rustica sane bene culta et fructuosa, Cic.: il avait un immense troupeau et des terres bien cultivées et d'un bon rapport. [st1]4 [-] travail, soin, occupation, peine, difficulté.    - res multae operae: entreprise difficile.    - quibus rebus perfectis, Caes.: ces préparatifs terminés. [st1]5 [-] fait, événement, affaire, action, entreprise; exécution; combat, opération (militaire); hauts faits, exploits.    - ut ipsa res declaravit, Cic.: comme l'événement le prouva.    - omina re careant! Ov.: puissent ces présages ne pas s'accomplir!    - his rebus gestis, Caes. B. G. 5, 8: après cette affaire.    - rem gerere, Ov.: combattre, engager l'action.    - gladio comminus rem gerit Vorenus, Caes. B. G. 5: l'épée à la main, Vorénus combat corps à corps.    - rem bene gerere, Liv.: avoir du succès, l'emporter, être vainqueur.    - ante rem, Liv. 4, 40: avant la bataille.    - res gestae: exploits, hauts faits. [st1]6 [-] faits (historiques), histoire; état, puissance, pouvoir.    - res populi Romani perscribere, Liv.: écrire l'histoire du peuple romain.    - rerum scriptor: l'historien.    - Persicae res, Nep.: l'histoire de la Perse.    - res publica → respublica.    - rerum potiri: s'emparer du pouvoir, être maître du pouvoir.    - summa rerum: le commandement suprême, le pouvoir.    - res Romana: la puissance romaine, l'empire romain.    - res mihi Romanas dederas, Fortuna, regendas, Luc. 7, 108: tu m'avais donné, Fortune, l'empire romain à diriger. [st1]7 [-] circonstance, occasion; situation, cas, condition, position, état des choses, conjoncture, circonstances, affaires.    - pro (ex) tempore et pro (ex) re: selon le temps et les circonstances.    - in tali re, Sall.: en pareil cas.    - res adversae: le malheur, l'adversité; échec(s).    - res secundae (prosperae): le bonheur, la prospérité; succès.    - res bonae: situation favorable.    - si res postulabit: si la situation le réclame.    - bene (male) se res habet: la situation se présente bien (mal).    - res ita se habet: il en est ainsi. [st1]8 [-] avoir, biens, propriété, fortune, richesses.    - rem augere: augmenter sa fortune, faire fortune.    - res familiaris: le patrimoine.    - publicae res: les domaines de l'Etat.    - res tuas tibi habe, Plaut.: reprends ce qui t'appartient (formule de divorce).    - res nummaria tenet eum, Cic.: il éprouve un besoin d'argent.    - rem male gerere, Hor.: se ruiner. [st1]9 [-] utilité, intérêt, avantage, profit.    - in rem (ex re) esse alicui: être utile à qqn, être conforme à son intérêt.    - quid (mihi) magis in rem est quam...? Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1: qu'est-ce qui est plus conforme à mes intérêts que de...?    - ad rem avidus, Ter.: âpre au gain.    - ab re: contrairement à l'intérêt.    - ob rem, Cic.: inutilement.    - quoi (cui) rei? Plaut.: à quoi bon?    - de communi re dicere: parler de l'intérêt général.    - in rem suam convertere: tourner à son avantage. [st1]10 [-] affaire (d'intérêt), rapport, relation, commerce.    - res est mihi cum aliquo: j'ai affaire à qqn (avec qqn).    - mihi tecum nihil rei est: je n'ai nullement affaire avec toi.    - mihi res est cum aliquo: j'ai affaire à qqn.    - rem habeo cum aliquo: j'ai affaire à qqn.    - cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant, Nep. Pel. 1, 3: c'était aux Thébains qu'ils comptaient avoir affaire. [st1]11 [-] ce dont on parle: sujet, débat, point de discussion, question, litige, contestation, procès.    - rem agitare: traiter une question.    - ad rem redeo: je reviens à mon sujet.    - rem dicere: plaider une cause.    - rem integram ad senatum referre: porter l'ensemble de l'affaire à l'ordre du jour du sénat.    - res capitalis: procès capital.    - de re aliqua sententiam dicere in senatu: donner son avis sur quelque sujet au sénat. [st1]12 [-] motif, raison, cause; but, fin.    - eā (hāc) re: pour cette raison.    - ob eam rem, Plaut.: pour cette raison.    - eā re (ob eam rem) quod: pour cette raison que.    - his rebus adducti, Caes. BG. 1: poussés par ces motifs.    - legatus qui ea de re mittitur: le légat qui est envoyé à cette fin. [st1]13 [-] moyen, manière.    - quibuscumque rebus possim (defendere), Cic.: (défendre) par tous les moyens qui sont en mon pouvoir.    - rem reperire quo pacto, Plaut.: trouver moyen de.
    * * *
    rēs, rĕi, f.    - gén. sing. rēi avec e long, Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236 --- gén. sing. monosyl. à la fin du vers, Lucr. 3, 918; et au milieu du vers, Lucr. 4, 885, et Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6.    - voir l'article res de Gaffiot. [st1]1 [-] chose, objet, affaire (sens vague précisé par un adjectif); chose matérielle, corps, créature, être; res explétif; cela (fonction de pron. de rappel).    - res futurae: l'avenir.    - in forum vocas, eo vocas unde etiam bonis meis rebus fugiebam, Cic. Att. 12, 21, 5: tu m'invites à fréquenter le forum, tu m'invites dans un lieu que je fuyais même à l'époque où ma maison connaissait le bonheur.    - res humanae: la condition humaine, la destinée humaine.    - res familiaris: patrimoine.    - res frumentaria: l'approvisionnement en blé, le ravitaillement en blé.    - res novae: la révolution politique.    - res divinae: le sacrifice; le culte des dieux.    - res uxoria: - [abcl]a - dot. - [abcl]b - Ter. mariage.    - abhorrens ab re uxoria, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10: réfractaire au mariage.    - in arbitrio rei uxoriae, Cic. Off. 3: lors d'un arbitrage concernant la dot.    - bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt, Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76: nos ancêtres ne voulurent pas qu'une action guerrière fût menée sans auspices.    - res solida, Lucr.: corps solide.    - causae rerum: les causes.    - rerum natura: la nature, le monde.    - quid agis, dulcissime rerum? Hor.: comment vas-tu, mon très cher?    - cujus rei ? = de quoi?    - nullius rei: de rien    - nulli rei nisi sacris operam dare: ne se consacrer qu'aux cérémonies religieuses.    - quid ad rem ? = qu'importe cela?    - quid hoc rei est ? = qu'est-ce que cela?    - se ad eam rem paratos esse arbitrati sunt: ils estimèrent qu'ils étaient préparés pour cela. [st1]2 [-] ce qui est fait: réalité, chose.    - re ipsā (re verā): en réalité.    - res… spes: le présent… l'avenir.    - qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt, Cic. Nat. 3: ceux qui affirment que les dieux n’existent pas dans la réalité mais dans l’imagination.    - rem sectari, non verba, Cic.: s'attacher au fond, non aux mots. [st1]3 [-] ce qui concerne qqn ou qqch: art, profession, métier, carrière.    - res militaris: la guerre, l'art militaire.    - rei militaris laus: gloire militaire.    - res navalis: la marine.    - res pecuaria: l'élevage.    - erat ei pecuaria res ampla, et rustica sane bene culta et fructuosa, Cic.: il avait un immense troupeau et des terres bien cultivées et d'un bon rapport. [st1]4 [-] travail, soin, occupation, peine, difficulté.    - res multae operae: entreprise difficile.    - quibus rebus perfectis, Caes.: ces préparatifs terminés. [st1]5 [-] fait, événement, affaire, action, entreprise; exécution; combat, opération (militaire); hauts faits, exploits.    - ut ipsa res declaravit, Cic.: comme l'événement le prouva.    - omina re careant! Ov.: puissent ces présages ne pas s'accomplir!    - his rebus gestis, Caes. B. G. 5, 8: après cette affaire.    - rem gerere, Ov.: combattre, engager l'action.    - gladio comminus rem gerit Vorenus, Caes. B. G. 5: l'épée à la main, Vorénus combat corps à corps.    - rem bene gerere, Liv.: avoir du succès, l'emporter, être vainqueur.    - ante rem, Liv. 4, 40: avant la bataille.    - res gestae: exploits, hauts faits. [st1]6 [-] faits (historiques), histoire; état, puissance, pouvoir.    - res populi Romani perscribere, Liv.: écrire l'histoire du peuple romain.    - rerum scriptor: l'historien.    - Persicae res, Nep.: l'histoire de la Perse.    - res publica → respublica.    - rerum potiri: s'emparer du pouvoir, être maître du pouvoir.    - summa rerum: le commandement suprême, le pouvoir.    - res Romana: la puissance romaine, l'empire romain.    - res mihi Romanas dederas, Fortuna, regendas, Luc. 7, 108: tu m'avais donné, Fortune, l'empire romain à diriger. [st1]7 [-] circonstance, occasion; situation, cas, condition, position, état des choses, conjoncture, circonstances, affaires.    - pro (ex) tempore et pro (ex) re: selon le temps et les circonstances.    - in tali re, Sall.: en pareil cas.    - res adversae: le malheur, l'adversité; échec(s).    - res secundae (prosperae): le bonheur, la prospérité; succès.    - res bonae: situation favorable.    - si res postulabit: si la situation le réclame.    - bene (male) se res habet: la situation se présente bien (mal).    - res ita se habet: il en est ainsi. [st1]8 [-] avoir, biens, propriété, fortune, richesses.    - rem augere: augmenter sa fortune, faire fortune.    - res familiaris: le patrimoine.    - publicae res: les domaines de l'Etat.    - res tuas tibi habe, Plaut.: reprends ce qui t'appartient (formule de divorce).    - res nummaria tenet eum, Cic.: il éprouve un besoin d'argent.    - rem male gerere, Hor.: se ruiner. [st1]9 [-] utilité, intérêt, avantage, profit.    - in rem (ex re) esse alicui: être utile à qqn, être conforme à son intérêt.    - quid (mihi) magis in rem est quam...? Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1: qu'est-ce qui est plus conforme à mes intérêts que de...?    - ad rem avidus, Ter.: âpre au gain.    - ab re: contrairement à l'intérêt.    - ob rem, Cic.: inutilement.    - quoi (cui) rei? Plaut.: à quoi bon?    - de communi re dicere: parler de l'intérêt général.    - in rem suam convertere: tourner à son avantage. [st1]10 [-] affaire (d'intérêt), rapport, relation, commerce.    - res est mihi cum aliquo: j'ai affaire à qqn (avec qqn).    - mihi tecum nihil rei est: je n'ai nullement affaire avec toi.    - mihi res est cum aliquo: j'ai affaire à qqn.    - rem habeo cum aliquo: j'ai affaire à qqn.    - cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant, Nep. Pel. 1, 3: c'était aux Thébains qu'ils comptaient avoir affaire. [st1]11 [-] ce dont on parle: sujet, débat, point de discussion, question, litige, contestation, procès.    - rem agitare: traiter une question.    - ad rem redeo: je reviens à mon sujet.    - rem dicere: plaider une cause.    - rem integram ad senatum referre: porter l'ensemble de l'affaire à l'ordre du jour du sénat.    - res capitalis: procès capital.    - de re aliqua sententiam dicere in senatu: donner son avis sur quelque sujet au sénat. [st1]12 [-] motif, raison, cause; but, fin.    - eā (hāc) re: pour cette raison.    - ob eam rem, Plaut.: pour cette raison.    - eā re (ob eam rem) quod: pour cette raison que.    - his rebus adducti, Caes. BG. 1: poussés par ces motifs.    - legatus qui ea de re mittitur: le légat qui est envoyé à cette fin. [st1]13 [-] moyen, manière.    - quibuscumque rebus possim (defendere), Cic.: (défendre) par tous les moyens qui sont en mon pouvoir.    - rem reperire quo pacto, Plaut.: trouver moyen de.
    * * *
        Res, rei, foem. gen. Chose, Rien.
    \
        Abdita rerum. Horat. Choses cachees ou secrettes et incongneues.
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        Caput et frons rerum. Horat. Le principal poinct de tout l'affaire.
    \
        Concordia rerum discors. Horat. L'accord des quatre elements qui sont de natures discordantes.
    \
        Versus inopes rerum. Horat. Qui n'ont point de bonnes et graves sentences.
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        Negas tantam similitudinem in rerum natura esse. Cicero. En tout le monde.
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        Opifex rerum. Ouid. Le createur de toutes choses.
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        Angustae res. Virgil. Qui sont de petite importance.
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        Res animales. Vlpianus. Qui ont ame et vie.
    \
        Diuina. Cic. Sacrifice.
    \
        Insolitam rem apportare auribus. Lucret. Raconter une chose dont jamais on n'avoit ouy parler.
    \
        Facere rem diuinam alicui deo. Cic. Sacrifier.
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        Ad rem redi. Terent. Retourne au propos.
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        Omnem rem scio, vt sit gesta. Plaut. Je scay comment tout l'affaire a esté mené.
    \
        Salua res est. Terent. L'affaire va bien.
    \
        Res tua agitur. Cic. C'est à toy à faire, L'affaire te touche.
    \
        Attinet ad rem. Horat. Cela sert à l'affaire.
    \
        Male rem gerere. Horat. Estre mauvais mesnager, Mal gouverner ses biens et ses affaires.
    \
        Incipit res melius ire quam putaram. Cic. L'affaire commence à mieulx aller que je ne pensoye, à mieulx se porter.
    \
        Bellica res. Horat. Le faict et l'estat de la guerre.
    \
        Si inuenta subito, nec domo allata, sed inter dicendum e re ipsa nata videantur. Quintil. Sur le champ, Tout à l'heure.
    \
        E re nata melius fieri haud potuit, quam factum est. Terent. Veu ce qui est survenu, Selon la fortune, Veu l'occasion.
    \
        Consulere ex re. Tacit. Prendre advis selon les occasions qui se presenteront.
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        Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re nata non incommodum. Cic. Selon la matiere subjecte.
    \
        Ab re interregnum appellatum. Liu. Pour raison.
    \
        Si non re ipsa tibi istuc dolet. Terent. A la verité, Si tu fains d'en estre marri.
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        Res ipsa indicat, Vide INDICO, indicas. Le faict le monstre.
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        Verba ad rem conferre. Terent. Faire ce qu'on dit.
    \
        Simulare mortem verbis, re ipsa spem vitae dare. Terent. De faict. \ Re iuuare. Terent. De faict.
    \
        Dictu quam re facilius. Liu. Il est plus aisé à dire qu'à faire.
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        Si in rem est vtrique vt fiant, accersi iube. Terentius. Si c'est le prouffit des deux.
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        Ita rem illi esse dicito. Plaut. Di que c'est pour son prouffit.
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        Qui alicui rei est. Terent. Qui fait son prouffit, Qui gaigne aucunement.
    \
        Res est mihi cum illo. Terent. J'ay quelque affaire avec luy.
    \
        Habere rem cum aliquo. Terentius. Le hanter, Avoir habitude avec luy.
    \
        Si talentum rem reliquisset decem. Terent. Heritage.
    \
        Illos duos pro re tollebas tua. Terentius, Selon les biens que tu avois.
    \
        Aliquantum ad rem est auidior. Terent. Il est un peu trop aspre à l'argent.
    \
        Amicos res inuenit. Plaut. Les richesses font les amis.
    \
        Res eos iampridem deficere coepit. Cic. Il y a ja long temps qu'ils ont tout despendu leurs biens.
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        Arctis in rebus absit pudor. Valer. Flac. Quand on est en necessité, il ne fault point estre honteux.
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        Curtae nescio quid semper abest rei. Horat. Il y a tousjours faulte de je ne scay quoy, L'avaritieux n'ha jamais assez.
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        Familiaris res. Sallust. Les biens qu'un chascun ha à soy.
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        Praeclara filius in re sublatus male alitur. Horat. Né parmi grandes richesses.
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        Quibus re salua profueram. Terent. Ce pendant qu'ils avoyent de quoy.
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        Augere rem. Cic. S'enrichir.
    \
        Nunquam rem facies. Terent. Tu ne gaigneras jamais rien, Jamais tu ne seras riche, Jamais tu ne cueilleras mousse, Jamais tu ne amasseras rien. \ Habere rem. Cic. Avoir bien dequoy.
    \
        Patriam rem perdere. Horat. Despendre folement les biens de son pere.
    \
        Praeclaram ingrata stringat malus ingluuie rem. Horat. Qu'il mange et despende en gourmandise, etc.
    \
        Vir haud magna cum re. Cic. Qui n'ha pas grands biens.
    \
        Res, L'estat et condition d'un chascun: vt Res publica. Cice. L'estat commun.
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        Inuisere res rusticas vel fructus causa, vel delectationis. Cic. Aller veoir les biens et terres qu'on ha aux champs.
    \
        Res. Virgil. Empire, Seigneurie, Domination.
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        Rem, vel res gerere. Liu. Mener la guerre.
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        Res Romana erat superior. Liu. L'armee des Romains.
    \
        Clades rei naualis. Tacit. La deffaicte de l'armee de mer.
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        Dare rem in casum. Tacit. Mettre à l'adventure.
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        Rebus suis diffidere. Liu. Se deffier de ses gents de guerre.
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        Aduersae res, Vide ADVERTO. Adversité, Tribulation.
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        Angustae res. Horat. Povreté, Necessité, Disette.
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        Dura res. Virgil. Adversité, Povreté.
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        Secundae res. Virgil. Prosperité.
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        Rem miseram, Aduerbium dolentis. Cic. Chose miserable.
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        Parumne est malae rei? Plaut. N'ont ils pas assez de mal? B.
    \
        Iam repperi rem, quo pacto nec fur, nec socius sies. Plaut. J'ay trouvé le moyen.
    \
        Res semper aliquid apportat noui. Terent. Experience.
    \
        Re vera, Duae dictiones sunt, aut vnica Reuera, vice aduerbii. Plin. iunior. A la verité.
    \
        Velut si reuera pugnent. Horat. Reaulment, ou Realement et de faict.
    \
        Respublica, reipublicae, penul. corr. ex duobus integris composita dictio, quam nonnulli disiungunt. L'estat commun, La republique, La chose publique.
    \
        Conuersiones Rerumpublicarum. Cic. Mutations.
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        Censere e Repub. Tacit. Au prouffit de la Repub.
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        Meo vnius funere elata Respublica esset? Liuius. Si j'estoye mort, la chose publique seroit elle perdue pourtant? B.
    \
        Trahere Rempublicam funditus. Tacit. Destruire, Ruiner.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > res

  • 2 res

    rēs, reī, f. (altind. ras, Gut, Besitz, rāti, gibt), Sache, Ding im weitesten Sinne, I) im allg., Sache, Ding, Gegenstand, Wesen, Umstand, Lage, Angelegenheit, Vorfall, Begebenheit, Ereignis, Erscheinung, zuw. bl. = etwas, divinae humanaeque res, Cic.: res, quae numquam fuerunt, ut Scyllae, Cic.: natura rerum, Welt, Cic.: caput rerum (Welt) urbs Romana, Ov. – Genet. rerum pleonast., timeo quid rerum gesserim, Plaut.: quid rerum geritis? Plaut. u. Catull.: abdita rerum, Verborgenes, Hor.: ficta rerum, Schnurrpfeifereien, Hor.: dum ita rerum habet, Tert adv. Val. 14 in.: u. so rerum zur Verstärkung des Superl., rerum pulcherrima, Roma, die allerschönste, Verg.: pulcherrima rerum, eloquentia, Quint.: pulcherrime rerum, maxime rerum, Ov. – res divina, r. militaris, navalis, rustica u. dgl., s. dīvīnususw. – rem gerere, s. 1. gerono. I, B, 2. – si r. postulabit, die Sachlage, Cic.: ebenso res autem haec est, Cic. – quae res? quae haec res est? Plaut. (s. Brix Plaut. mil. 1343. p. 126). – multa signa sunt eius rei, hiervon, Cic.: si qua (invidia) ex re (daraus) oreretur, Liv.: neque est ulla r. (irgend etwas), in qua, Cic.: homines nullā re bonā digni, nichtswürdig, Cic.: sumptu ne parcas ulla in re, Cic.: res una solaque, das einzige, das einzige Mittel, Hor.: profecto, ut loquor, ita res est, so ist es, Plaut.: male se res habet, es steht schlimm, Cic.: Dion rem eo perduxit, ut etc., brachte es dahin, daß usw., Nep. – mala r., übler Handel, üble Lage, üble Umstände, Plaut. u. Sall.: gew. Plur. malae r. (Ggstz. bonae res), Komik. u.a.; vgl. adversus, secundus, florens, salvus u. dgl. – e re nata, nach Beschaffenheit der Umstände, Ter. u. Apul.: dass. pro re nata, Cic., u. bl. pro re, Liv. – nitentia (arma) ante rem, vor der Schlacht, Liv.: quibus (sc. litteris tuis) non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus, Cic. – r. nova, eine neue Erscheinung, Nep.: r. magna, ein wichtiges Ereignis, etwas Großes, Wichtiges, Liv. – res populi Romani (die Begebenheiten, Ereignisse, die Geschichte) perscribere, Liv.: u. so res Persicae, Nep.: veteres res, alte Geschichte, Cic.

    II) insbes.: A) die Sache selbst, die Tat, der wirkliche Erfolg, der Augenschein, die Wirklichkeit, Wahrheit, res dicta secuta est, gesagt getan, Ov.: res indicabit, Cic.: ut ipsa res declaravit, Cic.: re tibi praestabo, ICt. – aut consilio aut re iuvero, Ter. – rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba, Cic.: hos deos non re, sed opinione esse, Cic.: nominibus differre, re congruere, Cic.: eum tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio confiteri, Cic.: vides, quantum distet argumentatio ab re ipsā atque a veritate, Cic.: haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā loquitur, Cic.: populi nomine, re autem verā sceleratissimo latrocinio, Cic.: et re verā, in der Tat, wirklich, Cic. – ut erat res, wie es sich wirklich verhielt, Sall.: u. so hoc od. id quod res est, wie es sich wirklich verhält, Komik.: u. bl. quod res est, Cic. ep. 13, 7, 2. – B) Besitztum, Vermögen, Hab und Gut, pro (im Verhältnis zu) re nostra, Ter.: rem quaerere (zu erwerben suchen), Plaut.: rem facere (erwerben), Ter. u. Hor.: rem augere, Cic.: rem conficere (vertun), Cic.: reliquias rei publicae dissipare, Cic. – Plur., reliquiae rerum suarum, Suet.: privatae res (Ggstz. res publica), Cic. – C) Interesse, Vorteil, Nutzen, res magis quaeritur, quam clientium fides, Plaut.: consulere suis rebus, Nep.: in rem suam convertere, Cic.: dum ob rem, wenn es nur nützlich ist, Ter.: verum id frustra an ob rem faciam, Sall.: ebenso si in rem est, Ter.: u. in rem et vostram et nostram esset, Ter.: quod in rem recte conducat tuam, Plaut. u. in rem est (es ist zweckdienlich, vorteilhaft) m. folg. Infin., Sall. u. Liv., od. m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., od. m. folg. ut u. Konj., Plaut. u. Ter.: ex tua re est, ut ego moriar, Plaut.: ex re mea, Cic.: ex re istius, Ter.: e od. ex re publica (zum Vorteile, zum Besten des Staates) fecisse, Cic., ducere, Liv.: u. ex od. e re publica est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic. u. Liv.: subdole ab re consulit, er gibt Ratschläge (vom Vorteil weg, d.h.) zum Nachteil, Plaut.: u. so haud id ab re ancupis, Plaut. Vgl. übh. Brix Plaut. trin. 238. Spengel Plaut. truc. 2, 6, 40 u. Ter. Andr. 546. – D) Ursache, Grund, nur in der Verbndng. eā (hāc) re od. ob eam (hanc) rem, adv., deshalb, zu dem Behufe, eā re, Cic.: hāc re, Lucr. u. Sen. ep.: ob eam rem, Plaut., Cic. u.a. – E) Geschäftssache, Geschäftsangelegenheit, Geschäft, inter se multa communicare de tota illa ratione atque re Gallicana, Cic.: rem cum alqo transigere, Cic. – dah. übtr., allg.: res (alci) est cum alqo, m. jmd. zu tun (zu schaffen) haben, etiamne tecum hic res mihi est? Ter.: tecum mihi res est, T. Rosci, quoniam etc., Cic.: quoniam cum senatore res est, Cic.: u. v. Sachen, famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo, bekomme es zu tun mit Verlust u. Schaden, Plaut. trin. 219. – F) Rechtssache, Rechtsangelegenheit, Rechtshandel, Prozeß (allgemeiner als causa), utrum rem an litem dici oporteret, Cic.: de rebus ab isto cognitis iudicatisque et de iudiciis datis, Cic. – G) res publica u. (bes. bei Histor.) auch bl. res, das Gemeinwesen, das Gemeindewesen, Staatswesen, der Staat; auch Staatsleitung, Staatsverwaltung, Staatsgewalt, α) res p.: rei publicae pericula, Cic.: re publicā frui, Cic.: rem publicam sustinere, Cic.: rem publicam gerere, s. 1. gerono. I, B, 2, a u. b (Bd. 1. S. 2927 u. 2928): ratio rei totius publicae, Cic.: de re publica disputatio, Cic.: dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, Cic.: rem publicam recusare, den Staatsdienst aufgeben, Commod. bei Spart. Pesc. 4, 4: de tribus generibus rerum publicarum, Cic.: in rebus publicis, Cic. – β) bl. res: res Romana, Liv. u. Hor.: res Albana, Liv.: res eorum civibus, moribus, agris aucta, Sall. – Plur., res Priami evertere, Verg.: incruenta Urbs et res sine discordia translatae, Tac. – / arch. Genet. re, Elog. clar. vir. 29 im Corp. inscr. Lat. 1. p. 288: arch. Dat. re, Lucil. 52 u. 969: arch. Abl. ree, einsilbig gemessen, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 9499 = Carm. epigr. 959 A: Genet. re einsilbig, und Dativ rei einsilbig oft bei Plaut. u. Ter., s. Georges Lexikon der lat. Wortf. S. 598.

    lateinisch-deutsches > res

  • 3 res

    rēs, reī, f. (altind. ras, Gut, Besitz, rāti, gibt), Sache, Ding im weitesten Sinne, I) im allg., Sache, Ding, Gegenstand, Wesen, Umstand, Lage, Angelegenheit, Vorfall, Begebenheit, Ereignis, Erscheinung, zuw. bl. = etwas, divinae humanaeque res, Cic.: res, quae numquam fuerunt, ut Scyllae, Cic.: natura rerum, Welt, Cic.: caput rerum (Welt) urbs Romana, Ov. – Genet. rerum pleonast., timeo quid rerum gesserim, Plaut.: quid rerum geritis? Plaut. u. Catull.: abdita rerum, Verborgenes, Hor.: ficta rerum, Schnurrpfeifereien, Hor.: dum ita rerum habet, Tert adv. Val. 14 in.: u. so rerum zur Verstärkung des Superl., rerum pulcherrima, Roma, die allerschönste, Verg.: pulcherrima rerum, eloquentia, Quint.: pulcherrime rerum, maxime rerum, Ov. – res divina, r. militaris, navalis, rustica u. dgl., s. divinus usw. – rem gerere, s. gero no. I, B, 2. – si r. postulabit, die Sachlage, Cic.: ebenso res autem haec est, Cic. – quae res? quae haec res est? Plaut. (s. Brix Plaut. mil. 1343. p. 126). – multa signa sunt eius rei, hiervon, Cic.: si qua (invidia) ex re (daraus) oreretur, Liv.: neque est ulla r. (irgend etwas), in qua, Cic.: homines nullā re bonā digni, nichtswürdig, Cic.: sumptu ne parcas ulla in re, Cic.: res una solaque, das einzige, das einzige Mittel, Hor.: profecto, ut loquor, ita res est, so ist es, Plaut.: male se res habet, es steht schlimm, Cic.: Dion rem
    ————
    eo perduxit, ut etc., brachte es dahin, daß usw., Nep. – mala r., übler Handel, üble Lage, üble Umstände, Plaut. u. Sall.: gew. Plur. malae r. (Ggstz. bonae res), Komik. u.a.; vgl. adversus, secundus, florens, salvus u. dgl. – e re nata, nach Beschaffenheit der Umstände, Ter. u. Apul.: dass. pro re nata, Cic., u. bl. pro re, Liv. – nitentia (arma) ante rem, vor der Schlacht, Liv.: quibus (sc. litteris tuis) non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus, Cic. – r. nova, eine neue Erscheinung, Nep.: r. magna, ein wichtiges Ereignis, etwas Großes, Wichtiges, Liv. – res populi Romani (die Begebenheiten, Ereignisse, die Geschichte) perscribere, Liv.: u. so res Persicae, Nep.: veteres res, alte Geschichte, Cic.
    II) insbes.: A) die Sache selbst, die Tat, der wirkliche Erfolg, der Augenschein, die Wirklichkeit, Wahrheit, res dicta secuta est, gesagt getan, Ov.: res indicabit, Cic.: ut ipsa res declaravit, Cic.: re tibi praestabo, ICt. – aut consilio aut re iuvero, Ter. – rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba, Cic.: hos deos non re, sed opinione esse, Cic.: nominibus differre, re congruere, Cic.: eum tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio confiteri, Cic.: vides, quantum distet argumentatio ab re ipsā atque a veritate, Cic.: haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā loquitur, Cic.: populi nomine, re autem verā sceleratissimo latrocinio, Cic.: et re verā, in der Tat, wirklich, Cic. –
    ————
    ut erat res, wie es sich wirklich verhielt, Sall.: u. so hoc od. id quod res est, wie es sich wirklich verhält, Komik.: u. bl. quod res est, Cic. ep. 13, 7, 2. – B) Besitztum, Vermögen, Hab und Gut, pro (im Verhältnis zu) re nostra, Ter.: rem quaerere (zu erwerben suchen), Plaut.: rem facere (erwerben), Ter. u. Hor.: rem augere, Cic.: rem conficere (vertun), Cic.: reliquias rei publicae dissipare, Cic. – Plur., reliquiae rerum suarum, Suet.: privatae res (Ggstz. res publica), Cic. – C) Interesse, Vorteil, Nutzen, res magis quaeritur, quam clientium fides, Plaut.: consulere suis rebus, Nep.: in rem suam convertere, Cic.: dum ob rem, wenn es nur nützlich ist, Ter.: verum id frustra an ob rem faciam, Sall.: ebenso si in rem est, Ter.: u. in rem et vostram et nostram esset, Ter.: quod in rem recte conducat tuam, Plaut. u. in rem est (es ist zweckdienlich, vorteilhaft) m. folg. Infin., Sall. u. Liv., od. m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., od. m. folg. ut u. Konj., Plaut. u. Ter.: ex tua re est, ut ego moriar, Plaut.: ex re mea, Cic.: ex re istius, Ter.: e od. ex re publica (zum Vorteile, zum Besten des Staates) fecisse, Cic., ducere, Liv.: u. ex od. e re publica est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic. u. Liv.: subdole ab re consulit, er gibt Ratschläge (vom Vorteil weg, d.h.) zum Nachteil, Plaut.: u. so haud id ab re ancupis, Plaut. Vgl. übh. Brix Plaut. trin. 238. Spengel Plaut. truc. 2, 6, 40 u. Ter. Andr. 546. – D) Ursache, Grund, nur in der Verbndng. eā
    ————
    (hāc) re od. ob eam (hanc) rem, adv., deshalb, zu dem Behufe, eā re, Cic.: hāc re, Lucr. u. Sen. ep.: ob eam rem, Plaut., Cic. u.a. – E) Geschäftssache, Geschäftsangelegenheit, Geschäft, inter se multa communicare de tota illa ratione atque re Gallicana, Cic.: rem cum alqo transigere, Cic. – dah. übtr., allg.: res (alci) est cum alqo, m. jmd. zu tun (zu schaffen) haben, etiamne tecum hic res mihi est? Ter.: tecum mihi res est, T. Rosci, quoniam etc., Cic.: quoniam cum senatore res est, Cic.: u. v. Sachen, famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo, bekomme es zu tun mit Verlust u. Schaden, Plaut. trin. 219. – F) Rechtssache, Rechtsangelegenheit, Rechtshandel, Prozeß (allgemeiner als causa), utrum rem an litem dici oporteret, Cic.: de rebus ab isto cognitis iudicatisque et de iudiciis datis, Cic. – G) res publica u. (bes. bei Histor.) auch bl. res, das Gemeinwesen, das Gemeindewesen, Staatswesen, der Staat; auch Staatsleitung, Staatsverwaltung, Staatsgewalt, α) res p.: rei publicae pericula, Cic.: re publicā frui, Cic.: rem publicam sustinere, Cic.: rem publicam gerere, s. gero no. I, B, 2, a u. b (Bd. 1. S. 2927 u. 2928): ratio rei totius publicae, Cic.: de re publica disputatio, Cic.: dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, Cic.: rem publicam recusare, den Staatsdienst aufgeben, Commod. bei Spart. Pesc. 4, 4: de tribus generibus rerum publicarum, Cic.: in rebus publicis, Cic. – β)
    ————
    bl. res: res Romana, Liv. u. Hor.: res Albana, Liv.: res eorum civibus, moribus, agris aucta, Sall. – Plur., res Priami evertere, Verg.: incruenta Urbs et res sine discordia translatae, Tac. – ⇒ arch. Genet. re, Elog. clar. vir. 29 im Corp. inscr. Lat. 1. p. 288: arch. Dat. re, Lucil. 52 u. 969: arch. Abl. ree, einsilbig gemessen, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 9499 = Carm. epigr. 959 A: Genet. re einsilbig, und Dativ rei einsilbig oft bei Plaut. u. Ter., s. Georges Lexikon der lat. Wortf. S. 598.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > res

  • 4 res

    rēs, reī (редко Lcr rēi, у него же иногда rei односложно) f.
    1) вещь, предмет
    res bonae Nep — лакомства, но тж. Pl, C etc. ценные вещи, ценности
    2)
    а) pl. мир, вселенная, природа (rerum contemplatio CC, Q)
    rerum natura Lcr, C — сущность мира, природа (вселенной)
    б) при superl. rerum во всём свете, изо всех на свете (animal maximum rerum PM)
    de eā re C etc. — об этом, по данному вопросу
    (in) omnibus rebus Cs etc. — во всём
    res efficientes (=causae) C — действующие причины
    res effectae C — действия (причин), следствия
    4) состояние, положение, дела, обстоятельства (si res poscat, cogat или exĭgat Cs, H, Just)
    pro (или e) re natā C, Ter или pro re C, Cs, L etc. (тж. pro tempore et pro re Cs и ex re et ex tempore C) — в зависимости от обстоятельств
    summa rerum Nep — вся совокупность обстоятельств, общее положение, но тж. Cs общая сумма, итог
    res secundae( florentes, prospĕrae) Pl, C, H, L, Nep etc. — процветание, преуспеяние
    res adversae (afflictae, misĕrae) Pl, C, Cs, Sl — бедственное положение, несчастье
    5) факт, действительное положение, действительность (non re, sed opinione C)
    rem loqui Ter — говорить дело, т. е. правильно
    6) сущность, суть (ad rem pertinēre C; de re magis, quam de verbis, laborare C)
    quid ad rem? C etc. — что тут существенного? (т. е. не всё ли равно?)
    8) причина, основание
    quā (hac, eā) re или ob eam (hanc) rem Pl, C etc. — по этой причине, поэтому
    9) деловые отношения, дело (rem gerere C, H etc.; rem cum aliquo transigere C)
    r. militaris( bellica) C — военное дело, но тж. H воинский подвиг
    res divīnae C etc. — религия, религиозные обряды
    10) судебное дело, процесс ( rem judicare C)
    11) (тж. pl.) государство (r. Romana L, H; r. publica или respublica C etc.; rem restituere Enn ap. C; res Graecae Nep) или политическая деятельность ( in mediā re publica versari C)
    12) выгода, польза, интересы
    aliquid in rem suam convertere C — использовать что-л. в своих интересах
    profecto rem habes nullam, haec negotia multarum nundinarum fore C — ты, конечно, не заинтересован в том, чтобы это дело затянулось надолго
    13) имущество, состояние, достояние, добро (homo sine re C; r. amicos invĕnit Pl)
    r. familiaris Sl, Q, Nep etc. или res privatae C — частная собственность
    14) власть, господство
    summa rerum L, Nep, res maximae Nep и summae res Nep — верховная власть (ср. 16.)
    15) действие, деяние, дело
    res gestae Cs etc. — дела, подвиги
    16) война (cum aliquo L etc.); сражение, битва ( gladio commĭnus rem gerere Cs)
    17) случай, событие, явление, факт (r. inopinata C); pl. история (res populi Romani perscribere L, тж. res Romanas scribere C)

    Латинско-русский словарь > res

  • 5 Tasche

    Tasche, pera (die lederne Reisetasche, der Ranzen). – marsupium. zona. cingulum (die Geldkatze, in der man größere Summen trug und die man um den Leib gürtete). – crumēna (der Beutel für kleineres Geld zum Ausgeben, der am Halse auf die Brust herabhängend getragen wurde). – sacculus (Säckchen; dah, sacc. nummorum, Geldsäckchen). – *funda vestis (die Tasche am Kleid). – Die Alten hatten keine Taschen un ihren Kleidern, sondern sie benutzten den Faltenwinkel des Gewandes an Busen (sinus genannt) zur Aufbewahrung von mancherlei Dingen; dah. z.B. mit gefüllten Taschen, onerato sinu: in die T. greifen, si. num laxare oder expedire (übh. um etwas herauszuholen); manum in crumenam demittere (in den Beutel greifen, um Geld herauszuholen): gern in die T. greifen, immer offene Taschen haben (v. Wohltätigen), habere sinum facilem: etwas in die T. stecken, alqd in sinum ingerere; *alqd in fundam vestis demittere: etwas in seine T. stecken, sich in seine T. machen (uneig., sich zuwenden), alqd domum suam avertere od. auferre (unrechtmäßigerweise für sich nehmen); alqd lucrari (etw. gewinnen, als Gewinn einstecken); in rem suam convertere (in seinem Nutzen verwenden): jmdm. die T. befühlen, alcis sinum ponderare: ein Gesetz schon in der T. (d. i. schon fix u. fertig) haben, legem scriptam paratamque habere: etwas schon in der T. zu haben glauben, spe devorare alqd (z.B. hereditatem alcis): er glaubt das Konsulat schon sicher in der T. zu haben, ei iam exploratus et domi conditus consulatus videtur: aus seiner (aus eigener) T., d. i. aus seinem Beutel, s. Beutel.

    deutsch-lateinisches > Tasche

  • 6 Интерес

    - causa (rei publicae); ratio; studium; cura; studium, jucunditas; animi attentio, affectus us, voluntas, observantia;

    • у всякого свои интересы - aliis aliud expedit;

    • защищать интересы оптиматов - optimatium causam agere;

    • быть поглощенным своими (личными) интересами - suarum rerum esse;

    • иметь одни и теже интересы - eadem aeque studere;

    • использовать что-л. в своих интересах - aliquid in rem suam convertere;

    • конечно, не в твоих интересах, чтобы это дело затянулось - profecto rem habes nullam, haec negotia multarum nundinarum fore;

    Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > Интерес

  • 7 tantulum

    I adv. II tantulum, ī n.
    так мало, самая малость
    qui tantuli eget, quanto est opus H — кто желает столь мало, сколько необходимо, т. е. довольствуется самым необходимым
    nihil tantum, nihil t. faciam Ap — я не сделаю ничего, решительно ничего такого

    Латинско-русский словарь > tantulum

  • 8 benutzen

    benutzen, uti alqā re (gebrauchen). – in rem suam convertere alqd (nützlich anwenden). – fructum capere ex alqa re (Nutzen ziehen aus etwas, z. B. ein Landgut, ex agro). – alci rei (z. B. fortunae) se praebenti non deesse u. bl. alci rei non deesse (sich einer sich darbietenden Sache nicht entziehen). – seine Zeit wohl b., tempus od. horas non perdere: den günstigen Zeitpunkt (für ein Unternehmen) b., tempus rei gerendae non dimittere: den rechten Zeitpunkt für etwas b., alci rei tempus non amittere. – nicht b., s. »unbenutzt lassen« unter »unbenutzt«. – jmd. etwas nicht mit b. lassen, alqm ab usu alcis rei excludere. – etwas zu etwas b., alqā re uti ad alqd (gebrauchen); alqd conferre ad alqd (verwenden, z. B. Ludos ad luctum, zur Trauer ben., d. i. ben., um Trauer zu erregen); alqd petere ex alqa re (etw. herholen von etc., z. B. spolia ex alieno triumpho, d. i. den Triumph eines andern zu eigenen Trophäen): etwas zu etw. b. wollen od. zu b. suchen, quaerere alqd ex alqa re (z. B. ex ea [epistulā] crimen aliquod in Sullam).

    deutsch-lateinisches > benutzen

  • 9 contra

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra

  • 10 contra dicta

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra dicta

  • 11 aneignen

    aneignen, sich eine Sache od. Pers., alqd oder alqm suum facere (übh. zum Seinigen-, zum Eigentum machen, z. B. pretio). – alqd in rem suam od. in usus suos convertere (zu seinem Nutzen verwenden). – vindicare alqd sibi u. ad se u. bl. alqd vindicare (auf etw. als sein Eigentum Anspruch machen, etw. in Anspruch nehmen). sibi sumere alqd (sich etwas unrechtmäßigerweise beilegen, s. »anmaßen« die Synon.). – sibi induereod od. bl. induere (gleichs. anziehen, z. B. sibi novum ingenium [Sinnesart]: hunc animum). – assuefacere se u. assuescere alqā re (sich an etw. gewöhnen, sich durch Gewöhnung etw. aneignen). – discere. addiscere (lernen, sich durch Lernen, Unterricht [100] aneignen). – sich etw. (geistig) ganz aneignen, alqd partem sui facere. – sich etwas anzueignen suchen, alqd sequi (zu erreichen suchen); alqd persequi (einer Sache fort und fort nachgehen, um sie sich zu eigenzu machen).

    deutsch-lateinisches > aneignen

  • 12 nutze

    nutze; sich etw. zu nutze (zunutze) machen, alqā re uti (gehörigen Gebrauch von etw. machen); alqd in usum suum conferre. alqd in rem suam oder in rerum suarum usum convertere (zu seinem Nutzen verwenden); lucri facere alqd (aus etwas Gewinn ziehen).

    deutsch-lateinisches > nutze

  • 13 converto

    con-verto (vorto), vertī (vortī), versum (vorsum), ere, umkehren, umwenden, umdrehen, od. m. Bezug auf das Ziel, hinkehren, hinwenden, hindrehen, refl. se convertere od. bl. convertere u. Passiv converti medial = sich um- od. hinkehren usw., I) eig.: 1) nach der andern Seite (nach vorn od. nach hinten, nach oben od. nach unten) od. nach irgend einer Seite um- od. hinkehren, a) übh.: aculeum (im Bilde, aculeum testimonii sui), Cic.: arcum, Verg.: baculum (zB. converso baculo alci oculos tundere), Cic.: cardinem, Verg.: cuspidem, Verg.: manum, Quint.: fenum, umwenden, wenden, Col.: vulvas conversas corrigere, die Umstülpung der Gebärmutter, Plin. – u. refl., cum se convertit (v. Pers.), Suet. – u. Passiv medial, si facile convertitur (aeger), Cels.: in delubris deûm suā sponte signa conversa, Val. Max. – m. Ang. wohin? durch Advv. od. Praepp., corpus huc illucve, Cels.: uncos deorsum, Cels.: corpus in nullam partem, Cels.: gladium in se, Val. Max.: infantem in caput, in pedes, Cels.: naves in eam partem, quo ventus fert, Caes.: colla ad freta, Ov.: palam anuli ad palmam, Cic.: poet. m. Dat., luna potest... id lumen convertere nobis (nach uns), Lucr. 5, 704. – tigna duo contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa, Caes.: omnem eam materiam, quae erat caesa, conversam ad hostem collocabat, Caes.: calix ad latus praetereuntis aquae conversus, Frontin. – refl., simulacrum Victoriae, quod ante ad simulacrum Minervae spectavisset, ad valvas se templi limenque convertisse, Caes. – Passiv medial, ima pars pedis in exteriorem partem convertitur (dreht sich), Cels.: manus ad pollicem aut minimum digitum convertitur (neigt sich), Cels.: ore conversus in terram (v. einem Tiere), Mela: conversi oculos inter se atque ora tenebant, Verg.: poet. m. Dat., zephyro (nach Westen) convertitur ales, Lucan. 9, 689. – So nun bes. α) in den milit. t. t.: c. signa, mit den Feldzeichen kehrt machen, eine Schwenkung machen, schwenken (s. Schneider Caes. b. G. 2, 26, 1. Drak. Liv. 3, 54, 10), zB. conversis signis retro in urbem reditur, Liv.: Romani conversa signa bipertito intulerunt, machten eine Frontveränderung und drangen in zwei Kolonnen vor, Caes.: signa ad hostem converti (dem F. die Spitze bieten) aciemque dirigi iubet, Caes. – so auch nostri rursus conversi, kehrt-, Front machend, dem Feinde die Stirn bietend, Caes. – c. terga, c. se, kehrtmachen = fliehen, Caes. – c. aciem, die (feindl.) (Schlachtordnung werfen, Liv.: u. so paucos nostros c. et insequi (v. Feinde), Hirt. b. G.: fugatae alae, conversae cohortes sunt, Vell.: cum hostium acies a sinistro cornu (auf dem l. Fl.) pulsa atque in fugam conversa esset, Caes. – β) als rhet. t. t., die Worte umstellen, versetzen, non modo mutare quaedam verba, sed extendere, corripere, convertere, dividere cogitur (poësis), Quint. 10, 1, 29. – γ) refl., convertere se od. b1. convertere od. Passiv medial converti ad alqm, in der Unterhaltung, in der Rede sich zu od. an jmd. wenden, rursus ad illum te converte et quaere etc., Cic.: ad eum convertit et... inquit, Gell.: itaque modo ad eum conversus quaerebat etc., Liv.: conversus ad suos... inquit, Val. Max.: deinde conversus ad nos, ›επιστήσατε quid facere debeamus‹, Plin. ep.

    b) in der Bewegung, im Gange umkehren, umwenden, hinkehren, hinwenden, c. iter, Val. Max. (vgl. unten no. α): vias, Verg.: fugam, von der Fl. umkehren (= die Fl. einstellen), Verg. – vox boum Herculem convertit, bewog den H. umzukehren, Liv. – refl., c. se, umkehren, umwenden, Plin. ep. u. Suet.: se in porticu, Cic. – m. Ang. von wo? u. wohin: ex hoc cursu sceleris iter c. ad fugam atque in exsilium, Cic.: cursum ad septentrionem (v. einem Flusse), Mela. – refl., se convertere u. Passiv converti medial, sich hinwenden, c. se od. converti domum, Komik.; vgl. conversa domum lintea dare, Hor.: imago convertitur eodem, Lucr.: hinc se in Asiam c., Cic. – So nun bes.: α) als milit. t. t.: c. iter, umwenden, Caes. – c. iter in provinciam, Caes.: iter ad urbem, Lucan.: iter ad depopulandam Acarnaniam, Liv.: omnem multitudinem ad alqm, Caes.: hostem in se ab alqo, Curt. – u. refl., teils conv. se, zB. c. se in Phrygiam, Nep.: c. se ad montes, Caes.: subito se c. ad Cassium in Thessaliam, Caes.: ad hunc se a Pulione omnis multitudo (hostium) convertit, Caes. – teils ohne se, zB. convertit cum paucis ad equites, Sall.: convertit cum omni multitudine in regnum suum, Sall. – u. medial, omnis vis Romana Veios conversa est, Liv.: omnis Volscorum in se conversus impetus, Val. Max. – β) als t. t. der Wasserbaukunst, hinleiten, inchoabat piscinam a Miseno ad Avernum lacum, quo quidquid totis Baiis calidarum esset converteretur, Suet.: ut ex totis regionibus in quam (regionem) necessitas incubuerit converti possit praesidium aquarum abundantius, Frontin. – γ) etw. heimlich wo hinwenden, c. pecuniam publicam domum suam, unterschlagen, Cic. Verr. 3, 176.

    c) (bes. als geogr. t. t.) Passiv converti medial od. conversum esse, der örtl. Richtung od. Lage nach sich hinwenden, sich hinziehen, hinliegen, hingehen, m. Ang. wohin? durch ad od. in u. Akk. auch zugl. m. Ang. von wo? durch ab u. Abl., inde ad meridiem iter convertitur usque ad Megaram, Mela: deinde ad septentriones toto latere terra convertitur a Celtico promunturio ad Scythicum usque, Mela. – spelunca conversa ad aquilonem, Cic.: stabula ad medium conversa diem, Verg.: alter conversus in contrariam partem erat vallus, Caes.: Pyrenaeus in terras fronte conversus, Mela: conversis inter se pedibus stare, Gegenfüßler sein, Plin.

    2) im Kreise umdrehen, herumdrehen, refl. se convertere u. Passiv converti medial = sich umdrehen, sich herumdrehen, a) übh.: is (modiolus) habenā quasi terebra convertitur, Cels.: axes ut in torcularibus conversi, Cels. – b) einen Weltkörper, quae (terra) circum axem se summā celeritate convertit et torquet, Cic.: in infimo orbe luna solis radiis accensa convertitur, Cic.: invenies supero convertier orbe quinque (sidera) pari spatio, Cic. poët. – einen Kreisumlauf der Zeit umdrehen = erfüllen, vollenden, cum aetas tua septenos octiens solis anfractus reditusque converterit, Cic.: huius quidem anni nondum vigesimam partem scito esse conversam, Cic. – c) die Haare kräuseln, crines calamistro, Petron. 102, 15.

    II) übtr.: 1) im allg., nach od. zu einem Ggstde., gegen einen Ggstd. hinkehren, hinwenden, hinrichten, ihm zuwenden, auf einen Ggstd. übertragen u. dgl., refl. se convertere od. bl. convertere u. Passiv converti medial = sich hinwenden, sich zuwenden, m. Ang. wohin? durch in od. ad u. Akk., a) übh.: quas (duas legiones) ab itinere Asiae Syriaeque ad suam potestatem dominatumque converterat, Caes.: c. in se unum omnium vires, Liv.: ad equestrem ordinem atque in ceteros ordines easdem vitae condiciones, übertragen auf usw., Cic.: Iovem O. M. precatus sum, ut, si quid adversi populo Romano immineret, totum in domum meam converteretur, Val. Max. – c. orationem ad Aeschinem in prooemio, an Ä. richten, Quint.: tum omnem orationem traduxi et converti in increpandam Caepionis fugam, in deplorandum interitum exercitus, habe gerichtet auf usw., Cic. – refl. ( ohne se) od. Passiv medial, ad uxorem Liviam convertere, sich wenden an usw., Tac. ann. 4, 3: sine advocatis in amicitiam atque in gratiam convortimus, Plaut.: (v. Redner, Schriftsteller) ab ea sententia, quam proposuimus, convertimus (wenden wir uns) ad aliquam personam aut rem, Rutil. Lup.; vgl. medial gratulabor tibi prius, deinde ad me convertar, will ich mich zu mir (zur Besprechung meiner Angelegenheiten) wenden, Cic. – omnis est risus in iudicem conversus, wendete sich gegen den R., Cic.

    b) den Blick, die Aufmerksamkeit, die Gedanken hinwenden, hinrichten, hinlenken, gew. m. Ang. wohin? durch Advv. od. durch ad od. in u. Akk., α) den eigenen Blick usw., omnes convertere oculos Itali, wendeten dahin den Blick, Verg.: ut (oculi) aspectum quo vellent facile converterent, Cic.: c. ad tribunum militum centurionesque ora (v. den Soldaten), Caes.: video in me omnium vestrûm ora atque oculos esse conversos, Cic.: illud intellego omnium ora in me conversa esse, Sall. – β) eines andern Blick usw. od. jmd. mit seinem Blicke usw. auf sich hinlenken, αα) jmds. Blick usw., teils m. ad od. in se, zB. finitimis ad se gentibus ora, Lucr.: omnium oculos ad od. in se, Nep. u. Curt.: omnium oculos animosque in semet, Curt.: certamine ac studiis in se animum adulescentis, Liv. – teils ohne ad od. in se, zB. oculos hominum, Liv.: vulgi ora, Hor.: animos, Liv.: hominum oculos fulgore purpureae abollae, Suet. – ββ) jmd. mit seinem Blicke, teils mit in se, zB. omnem exercitum in se, Liv.: totum terrarum orbem in se, Verg.: omnium mentes in se, Flor. – teils ohne in se, zB. civitatem (v. fremden Gesandten), Liv.: omnes, Liv.

    c) Geist, Sinn, Gemüt, Neigung, Eifer, Sorge, Hoffnung auf einen Ggstd. hinwenden, hinrichten, ihm zuwenden, m. Ang. wohin? worauf? durch ad od. in u. Akk.; m. Ang. von wo? durch Advv. od. durch ab u. Abl. od. durch bl. Abl., α) den eigenen Geist usw.: omne ingenium ac studium suum ad causas agendas, Tac.: animum ad urbana negotia, Liv.: animos ad agrum colendum, Liv.: animum ad publicam a privata curam, Liv. – omne studium curamque ad hanc scribendi operam, Cic.: omnem spem melioris status ad eorum fidem, Cic.: omnia in bellum consilia, Curt. – refl. se convertere od. bl. convertere u. Passiv converti medial, sich hinwenden, sich hinrichten, sich zuwenden, c. se ad philosophos, Cic.: se ad otium pacemque, Cic.: totum se ad alcis voluntatem nutumque, Cic.; vgl. (medial) animus alcis ad alterius non modo sensum ac voluntatem, sed etiam vultum atque nutum convertitur, Cic.: ceteri ad sapientiora convertere, Tac. ann. 3, 55. – omni civitate in eam curam conversā, Liv.: ad haec consultanda a vi atque armis converti (v. Volke), Liv.: conversus hinc ad ordinandum rei publicae statum, Suet.: quo facilius virginum mulierumque mens a libidine ad pudicitiam converteretur, Val. Max. – convertere ad nostros (amicos), wende dich nun zu unsern Fr. (= gedenke nun bei Beförderungen unserer Fr.), Plin. ep. 2, 13, 3. – u. so bes. conv. se od. bl. conv. ad od. in alqm, als Verehrer od. Anhänger im Staate jmdm. sich zuwenden, zufallen, conv. se ad alqm, Nep. Att. 8, 1: bl. conv. ad alqm, Cic. Planc. 50. Tac. ann. 12, 18: conv. se in alqm, Cic. de rep. 6, 12. Sen. de clem. 1, 4, 3: ebenso Passiv medial, cuncta ad victoris opes conversa, Tac. hist. 3, 44. – β) jmds. Geist (geistige Aufmerksamkeit) usw. od. jmd.: ut ab eo, quod agitur, avertat animos; ut saepe in hilaritatem risumque convertat, Cic.: c. animos imperitorum ad deorum cultum a vitae pravitate, Cic.: alqm ad fidem Christi, zum christlichen Glauben bekehren, Hier. in Philem. 5, 10 u. 11: in bellum Etruscum intentam civitatem c. ad Volscos, Liv.: homines a consuetudine subito c. et ad diversas rationes vitae traducere, Cic. – bl. c. alqm, jmd. auf andere Gedanken bringen, Suet. Dom. 16, 2. – v. lebl. Subjj., (res) totos ad se convertit et rapit, Cic. de off. 2, 37. – u. insbes., jmd. einem als polit. Anhänger zuwenden, fama huius rei convertit ad Masinissam Numidas, Liv. 29, 30, 7.

    d) etw. einer Bestimmung, einem Zwecke zuwenden, zu etw. verwenden, α) lebl. Objj.: in suam rem aliena, Cic.: reditum in Domitiani loculos (Schatulle), Frontin.: pecuniam ad usus suos, ICt.: rationem in fraudem malitiamque, Cic.: tempora ad quietem refectionemque data in acerrimum laborem, Quint.: mandatum ad suum commodum, Cic.: copias eas ad patriae periculum, Brut. in Cic. ep.: scribendi facultatem ad alia opera, Quint. – β) leb. Wesen: ad continendas custodias plures commilitones, Traian. in Plin. ep. 10, 20 (31) in.

    e) etw. nach der u. der Seite wenden, verkehren, m. Ang. wohin? durch in od. ad m. Akk., α) in der Beurteilung: si quid per iocum dixi, nolito in serium convertere, Plaut.: nolite fortunam convertere in culpam (zur Sch. anrechnen), neque regis iniuriam huius crimen putare, Cic. – β) in der Ausführung, quod ad perniciem suam fuerat cogitatum, id ad salutem convertit (v. Datames), Nep.: alterum (auxilium) ad perniciem meam erat a vobis consulibus conversum, Cic.: non posse iam ad salutem converti hoc malum, Ter. – oft refl. convertere od. Passiv converti medial, sich verkehren, sich wenden, ausschlagen, umschlagen, sed hoc vitium huic in bonum convertebat, Cic.: ne ista vobis mansuetudo et misericordia, si illi arma ceperint, in miseriam convortat, Sall. – in quartanam conversa vis est morbi, Cic.: quod crimen esse voluisti, id totum vides in laudem conversum esse, Cic.: istius poena omnis oculorum ad caecitatem mentis est conversa, Cic.

    2) prägn., etw. so wenden, daß ein Wechsel, eine Änderung eintritt, etw. umkehren, umändern, umwandeln, bei Ang. wohin? m. in u. Akk., a) übh.: α) physisch, si antequam tumor discutiatur in suppurationem convertitur, in Eiter umgesetzt wird, übergeht, Col. 6, 17, 6. – β) jmds. Gemüt, umwandeln, umstimmen, animos permovere et c., Cic.: v. lebl. Subjj., nova religio iurandi mentes militum convertit, Caes. – Pass., umgestimmt werden, umschlagen, einen Umschlag erleiden, animus aeger avaritiā facile conversus est, Sall.: hāc oratione habitā mirum in modum conversae sunt omnium mentes, Caes.: quid est tam potens tamque magnificum, populi motus, iudicum religiones, senatus gravitatem unius oratione converti? Cic. de or. 1, 31: conversi animum vultumque, Tac. hist. 1, 85. – γ) Zustände, rem publicam, Cic.: hunc ordinem, Quint.: praemia Metelli in pestem, Sall.: omne beneficium in iniuriam, Sen.: v. lebl. Subjj., non fas nefasque, non humanam vicem convertere valere (v. einem Zaubertrank), Hor.: tot opes, tot gaudia dies unus in adversa convertit, Plin. ep.: odium c. in amorem (v. der Freundschaft), Val. Max.: possitne eloquentia commutatione aliquā converti in infantiam, Cic. – refl., se conv. u. bl. conv., sich verkehren, sich umändern, umschlagen, (s. Piderit Cic. Brut. 141), cavendum, ne in graves inimicitias convertant se amicitiae, Cic.: ubi regium imperium in superbiam dominationemque se convertit, Sall.: num virtus in vitium possit convertere, Cic.: hoc vitium huic uni in bonum convertebat, Cic.: nec in falsum e vero praeterita possunt convertere, Cic. – ebenso Passiv converti medial, vide, quam conversa res sit, Cic.: conversa subito fortuna est, Nep.: non posse iam ad salutem converti hoc malum, Ter.: indigne ferunt illam clementiam mansuetudinemque nostri imperii tantam in crudelitatem inhumanitatemque esse conversam, Cic. – δ) als rhet. t. t., den Ausdruck mit einem andern vertauschend künstlich umwandeln, conversa oratio atque mutata, Cic.: convertendi genus, Cic. – ε) als gramm. t. t., casus conversi = casus obliqui, die abgewandelten Kasusformen, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 64. – ζ) als milit. t. t., castra castris c., Lager mit Lager vertauschen = fortrückend immer neue Lager aufschlagen, Caes. b. c. 1, 81, 3.

    b) seinem ganzen Wesen, seiner Gestalt nach verwandeln, umgestalten, refl. se convertere od. Passiv converti medial = sich verwandeln, tellus induit ignotas hominum conversa figuras, Ov. met. 1, 86 sq. – gew. m. in u. Akk., terras in freti formam, Ov.: in bovem Io, Inachi filiam, Lact.: Hecubam putant propter animi acerbitatem fingi in canem esse conversam, Cic.: figura canis, in quam Hecuba conversa traditur, Mela: mater in ursae speciem conversa, Hyg.: mugitu bovis in sermonem humanum converso, Val. Max.: hominum simulacra ferarumque in silicem ex ipsis visā conversa Medusā, Ov.: in cinerem favillasque converti, Firm. math. – refl., teils conv. se, zB. se in hominem (v. einer Gottheit), Ter.: se in anum (alte Frau), Hyg.: se in taurum, Hyg.: se ex homine in beluam, Cic.: si omnium pecudum exta eodem tempore in eundem habitum se coloremque converterent, Cic. – teils bl. conv., zB. c. in mulierem, Rutil. Lup. – u. Passiv medial, deo converso in pretium (v. Jupiter), Hor.

    c) aus einer Sprache in eine andere umwandeln = übertragen, übersetzen, verdolmetschen, gew. m. de od. ex u. Abl. u. m. in u. Akk., aliqua de Graecis, Cic.: orationes e Graeco, Cic.: ex Atticis duorum eloquentissimorum nobilissimas orationes, Cic.: illa in Latinum, Cic.: librum e Graeco in Latinum, Cic. – im Zshg. auch ohne Angabe woraus od. wohin? Electra (Sophoclis) male conversa, Cic.: carmina Arati ea, quae a te admodum adulescentulo conversa ita me delectant, quia Latina sunt, ut etc., Cic. – / Parag. Infin. convertier, Lucr. 1, 796. Cic. Arat. 269 (515).

    lateinisch-deutsches > converto

  • 14 converto

    con-verto (vorto), vertī (vortī), versum (vorsum), ere, umkehren, umwenden, umdrehen, od. m. Bezug auf das Ziel, hinkehren, hinwenden, hindrehen, refl. se convertere od. bl. convertere u. Passiv converti medial = sich um- od. hinkehren usw., I) eig.: 1) nach der andern Seite (nach vorn od. nach hinten, nach oben od. nach unten) od. nach irgend einer Seite um- od. hinkehren, a) übh.: aculeum (im Bilde, aculeum testimonii sui), Cic.: arcum, Verg.: baculum (zB. converso baculo alci oculos tundere), Cic.: cardinem, Verg.: cuspidem, Verg.: manum, Quint.: fenum, umwenden, wenden, Col.: vulvas conversas corrigere, die Umstülpung der Gebärmutter, Plin. – u. refl., cum se convertit (v. Pers.), Suet. – u. Passiv medial, si facile convertitur (aeger), Cels.: in delubris deûm suā sponte signa conversa, Val. Max. – m. Ang. wohin? durch Advv. od. Praepp., corpus huc illucve, Cels.: uncos deorsum, Cels.: corpus in nullam partem, Cels.: gladium in se, Val. Max.: infantem in caput, in pedes, Cels.: naves in eam partem, quo ventus fert, Caes.: colla ad freta, Ov.: palam anuli ad palmam, Cic.: poet. m. Dat., luna potest... id lumen convertere nobis (nach uns), Lucr. 5, 704. – tigna duo contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa, Caes.: omnem eam materiam, quae erat caesa, conversam ad hostem collocabat, Caes.: calix ad latus praetereuntis aquae
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    conversus, Frontin. – refl., simulacrum Victoriae, quod ante ad simulacrum Minervae spectavisset, ad valvas se templi limenque convertisse, Caes. – Passiv medial, ima pars pedis in exteriorem partem convertitur (dreht sich), Cels.: manus ad pollicem aut minimum digitum convertitur (neigt sich), Cels.: ore conversus in terram (v. einem Tiere), Mela: conversi oculos inter se atque ora tenebant, Verg.: poet. m. Dat., zephyro (nach Westen) convertitur ales, Lucan. 9, 689. – So nun bes. α) in den milit. t. t.: c. signa, mit den Feldzeichen kehrt machen, eine Schwenkung machen, schwenken (s. Schneider Caes. b. G. 2, 26, 1. Drak. Liv. 3, 54, 10), zB. conversis signis retro in urbem reditur, Liv.: Romani conversa signa bipertito intulerunt, machten eine Frontveränderung und drangen in zwei Kolonnen vor, Caes.: signa ad hostem converti (dem F. die Spitze bieten) aciemque dirigi iubet, Caes. – so auch nostri rursus conversi, kehrt-, Front machend, dem Feinde die Stirn bietend, Caes. – c. terga, c. se, kehrtmachen = fliehen, Caes. – c. aciem, die (feindl.) (Schlachtordnung werfen, Liv.: u. so paucos nostros c. et insequi (v. Feinde), Hirt. b. G.: fugatae alae, conversae cohortes sunt, Vell.: cum hostium acies a sinistro cornu (auf dem l. Fl.) pulsa atque in fugam conversa esset, Caes. – β) als rhet. t. t., die Worte umstellen, versetzen, non modo mutare quaedam verba, sed extendere, corripe-
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    re, convertere, dividere cogitur (poësis), Quint. 10, 1, 29. – γ) refl., convertere se od. b1. convertere od. Passiv medial converti ad alqm, in der Unterhaltung, in der Rede sich zu od. an jmd. wenden, rursus ad illum te converte et quaere etc., Cic.: ad eum convertit et... inquit, Gell.: itaque modo ad eum conversus quaerebat etc., Liv.: conversus ad suos... inquit, Val. Max.: deinde conversus ad nos, ›επιστήσατε quid facere debeamus‹, Plin. ep.
    b) in der Bewegung, im Gange umkehren, umwenden, hinkehren, hinwenden, c. iter, Val. Max. (vgl. unten no. α): vias, Verg.: fugam, von der Fl. umkehren (= die Fl. einstellen), Verg. – vox boum Herculem convertit, bewog den H. umzukehren, Liv. – refl., c. se, umkehren, umwenden, Plin. ep. u. Suet.: se in porticu, Cic. – m. Ang. von wo? u. wohin: ex hoc cursu sceleris iter c. ad fugam atque in exsilium, Cic.: cursum ad septentrionem (v. einem Flusse), Mela. – refl., se convertere u. Passiv converti medial, sich hinwenden, c. se od. converti domum, Komik.; vgl. conversa domum lintea dare, Hor.: imago convertitur eodem, Lucr.: hinc se in Asiam c., Cic. – So nun bes.: α) als milit. t. t.: c. iter, umwenden, Caes. – c. iter in provinciam, Caes.: iter ad urbem, Lucan.: iter ad depopulandam Acarnaniam, Liv.: omnem multitudinem ad alqm, Caes.: hostem in se ab alqo, Curt. – u. refl., teils conv. se, zB. c. se in
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    Phrygiam, Nep.: c. se ad montes, Caes.: subito se c. ad Cassium in Thessaliam, Caes.: ad hunc se a Pulione omnis multitudo (hostium) convertit, Caes. – teils ohne se, zB. convertit cum paucis ad equites, Sall.: convertit cum omni multitudine in regnum suum, Sall. – u. medial, omnis vis Romana Veios conversa est, Liv.: omnis Volscorum in se conversus impetus, Val. Max. – β) als t. t. der Wasserbaukunst, hinleiten, inchoabat piscinam a Miseno ad Avernum lacum, quo quidquid totis Baiis calidarum esset converteretur, Suet.: ut ex totis regionibus in quam (regionem) necessitas incubuerit converti possit praesidium aquarum abundantius, Frontin. – γ) etw. heimlich wo hinwenden, c. pecuniam publicam domum suam, unterschlagen, Cic. Verr. 3, 176.
    c) (bes. als geogr. t. t.) Passiv converti medial od. conversum esse, der örtl. Richtung od. Lage nach sich hinwenden, sich hinziehen, hinliegen, hingehen, m. Ang. wohin? durch ad od. in u. Akk. auch zugl. m. Ang. von wo? durch ab u. Abl., inde ad meridiem iter convertitur usque ad Megaram, Mela: deinde ad septentriones toto latere terra convertitur a Celtico promunturio ad Scythicum usque, Mela. – spelunca conversa ad aquilonem, Cic.: stabula ad medium conversa diem, Verg.: alter conversus in contrariam partem erat vallus, Caes.: Pyrenaeus in terras fronte conversus, Mela: conversis inter se pedibus
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    stare, Gegenfüßler sein, Plin.
    2) im Kreise umdrehen, herumdrehen, refl. se convertere u. Passiv converti medial = sich umdrehen, sich herumdrehen, a) übh.: is (modiolus) habenā quasi terebra convertitur, Cels.: axes ut in torcularibus conversi, Cels. – b) einen Weltkörper, quae (terra) circum axem se summā celeritate convertit et torquet, Cic.: in infimo orbe luna solis radiis accensa convertitur, Cic.: invenies supero convertier orbe quinque (sidera) pari spatio, Cic. poët. – einen Kreisumlauf der Zeit umdrehen = erfüllen, vollenden, cum aetas tua septenos octiens solis anfractus reditusque converterit, Cic.: huius quidem anni nondum vigesimam partem scito esse conversam, Cic. – c) die Haare kräuseln, crines calamistro, Petron. 102, 15.
    II) übtr.: 1) im allg., nach od. zu einem Ggstde., gegen einen Ggstd. hinkehren, hinwenden, hinrichten, ihm zuwenden, auf einen Ggstd. übertragen u. dgl., refl. se convertere od. bl. convertere u. Passiv converti medial = sich hinwenden, sich zuwenden, m. Ang. wohin? durch in od. ad u. Akk., a) übh.: quas (duas legiones) ab itinere Asiae Syriaeque ad suam potestatem dominatumque converterat, Caes.: c. in se unum omnium vires, Liv.: ad equestrem ordinem atque in ceteros ordines easdem vitae condiciones, übertragen auf usw., Cic.: Iovem O. M. precatus sum, ut, si quid adversi populo Romano immineret,
    ————
    totum in domum meam converteretur, Val. Max. – c. orationem ad Aeschinem in prooemio, an Ä. richten, Quint.: tum omnem orationem traduxi et converti in increpandam Caepionis fugam, in deplorandum interitum exercitus, habe gerichtet auf usw., Cic. – refl. ( ohne se) od. Passiv medial, ad uxorem Liviam convertere, sich wenden an usw., Tac. ann. 4, 3: sine advocatis in amicitiam atque in gratiam convortimus, Plaut.: (v. Redner, Schriftsteller) ab ea sententia, quam proposuimus, convertimus (wenden wir uns) ad aliquam personam aut rem, Rutil. Lup.; vgl. medial gratulabor tibi prius, deinde ad me convertar, will ich mich zu mir (zur Besprechung meiner Angelegenheiten) wenden, Cic. – omnis est risus in iudicem conversus, wendete sich gegen den R., Cic.
    b) den Blick, die Aufmerksamkeit, die Gedanken hinwenden, hinrichten, hinlenken, gew. m. Ang. wohin? durch Advv. od. durch ad od. in u. Akk., α) den eigenen Blick usw., omnes convertere oculos Itali, wendeten dahin den Blick, Verg.: ut (oculi) aspectum quo vellent facile converterent, Cic.: c. ad tribunum militum centurionesque ora (v. den Soldaten), Caes.: video in me omnium vestrûm ora atque oculos esse conversos, Cic.: illud intellego omnium ora in me conversa esse, Sall. – β) eines andern Blick usw. od. jmd. mit seinem Blicke usw. auf sich hinlenken, αα) jmds. Blick usw., teils m. ad od. in se, zB. finitimis ad
    ————
    se gentibus ora, Lucr.: omnium oculos ad od. in se, Nep. u. Curt.: omnium oculos animosque in semet, Curt.: certamine ac studiis in se animum adulescentis, Liv. – teils ohne ad od. in se, zB. oculos hominum, Liv.: vulgi ora, Hor.: animos, Liv.: hominum oculos fulgore purpureae abollae, Suet. – ββ) jmd. mit seinem Blicke, teils mit in se, zB. omnem exercitum in se, Liv.: totum terrarum orbem in se, Verg.: omnium mentes in se, Flor. – teils ohne in se, zB. civitatem (v. fremden Gesandten), Liv.: omnes, Liv.
    c) Geist, Sinn, Gemüt, Neigung, Eifer, Sorge, Hoffnung auf einen Ggstd. hinwenden, hinrichten, ihm zuwenden, m. Ang. wohin? worauf? durch ad od. in u. Akk.; m. Ang. von wo? durch Advv. od. durch ab u. Abl. od. durch bl. Abl., α) den eigenen Geist usw.: omne ingenium ac studium suum ad causas agendas, Tac.: animum ad urbana negotia, Liv.: animos ad agrum colendum, Liv.: animum ad publicam a privata curam, Liv. – omne studium curamque ad hanc scribendi operam, Cic.: omnem spem melioris status ad eorum fidem, Cic.: omnia in bellum consilia, Curt. – refl. se convertere od. bl. convertere u. Passiv converti medial, sich hinwenden, sich hinrichten, sich zuwenden, c. se ad philosophos, Cic.: se ad otium pacemque, Cic.: totum se ad alcis voluntatem nutumque, Cic.; vgl. (medial) animus alcis ad alterius non modo sensum ac voluntatem, sed etiam
    ————
    vultum atque nutum convertitur, Cic.: ceteri ad sapientiora convertere, Tac. ann. 3, 55. – omni civitate in eam curam conversā, Liv.: ad haec consultanda a vi atque armis converti (v. Volke), Liv.: conversus hinc ad ordinandum rei publicae statum, Suet.: quo facilius virginum mulierumque mens a libidine ad pudicitiam converteretur, Val. Max. – convertere ad nostros (amicos), wende dich nun zu unsern Fr. (= gedenke nun bei Beförderungen unserer Fr.), Plin. ep. 2, 13, 3. – u. so bes. conv. se od. bl. conv. ad od. in alqm, als Verehrer od. Anhänger im Staate jmdm. sich zuwenden, zufallen, conv. se ad alqm, Nep. Att. 8, 1: bl. conv. ad alqm, Cic. Planc. 50. Tac. ann. 12, 18: conv. se in alqm, Cic. de rep. 6, 12. Sen. de clem. 1, 4, 3: ebenso Passiv medial, cuncta ad victoris opes conversa, Tac. hist. 3, 44. – β) jmds. Geist (geistige Aufmerksamkeit) usw. od. jmd.: ut ab eo, quod agitur, avertat animos; ut saepe in hilaritatem risumque convertat, Cic.: c. animos imperitorum ad deorum cultum a vitae pravitate, Cic.: alqm ad fidem Christi, zum christlichen Glauben bekehren, Hier. in Philem. 5, 10 u. 11: in bellum Etruscum intentam civitatem c. ad Volscos, Liv.: homines a consuetudine subito c. et ad diversas rationes vitae traducere, Cic. – bl. c. alqm, jmd. auf andere Gedanken bringen, Suet. Dom. 16, 2. – v. lebl. Subjj., (res) totos ad se convertit et rapit, Cic. de off. 2, 37. – u. insbes., jmd. einem
    ————
    als polit. Anhänger zuwenden, fama huius rei convertit ad Masinissam Numidas, Liv. 29, 30, 7.
    d) etw. einer Bestimmung, einem Zwecke zuwenden, zu etw. verwenden, α) lebl. Objj.: in suam rem aliena, Cic.: reditum in Domitiani loculos (Schatulle), Frontin.: pecuniam ad usus suos, ICt.: rationem in fraudem malitiamque, Cic.: tempora ad quietem refectionemque data in acerrimum laborem, Quint.: mandatum ad suum commodum, Cic.: copias eas ad patriae periculum, Brut. in Cic. ep.: scribendi facultatem ad alia opera, Quint. – β) leb. Wesen: ad continendas custodias plures commilitones, Traian. in Plin. ep. 10, 20 (31) in.
    e) etw. nach der u. der Seite wenden, verkehren, m. Ang. wohin? durch in od. ad m. Akk., α) in der Beurteilung: si quid per iocum dixi, nolito in serium convertere, Plaut.: nolite fortunam convertere in culpam (zur Sch. anrechnen), neque regis iniuriam huius crimen putare, Cic. – β) in der Ausführung, quod ad perniciem suam fuerat cogitatum, id ad salutem convertit (v. Datames), Nep.: alterum (auxilium) ad perniciem meam erat a vobis consulibus conversum, Cic.: non posse iam ad salutem converti hoc malum, Ter. – oft refl. convertere od. Passiv converti medial, sich verkehren, sich wenden, ausschlagen, umschlagen, sed hoc vitium huic in bonum convertebat, Cic.: ne ista vobis mansuetudo et misericordia, si
    ————
    illi arma ceperint, in miseriam convortat, Sall. – in quartanam conversa vis est morbi, Cic.: quod crimen esse voluisti, id totum vides in laudem conversum esse, Cic.: istius poena omnis oculorum ad caecitatem mentis est conversa, Cic.
    2) prägn., etw. so wenden, daß ein Wechsel, eine Änderung eintritt, etw. umkehren, umändern, umwandeln, bei Ang. wohin? m. in u. Akk., a) übh.: α) physisch, si antequam tumor discutiatur in suppurationem convertitur, in Eiter umgesetzt wird, übergeht, Col. 6, 17, 6. – β) jmds. Gemüt, umwandeln, umstimmen, animos permovere et c., Cic.: v. lebl. Subjj., nova religio iurandi mentes militum convertit, Caes. – Pass., umgestimmt werden, umschlagen, einen Umschlag erleiden, animus aeger avaritiā facile conversus est, Sall.: hāc oratione habitā mirum in modum conversae sunt omnium mentes, Caes.: quid est tam potens tamque magnificum, populi motus, iudicum religiones, senatus gravitatem unius oratione converti? Cic. de or. 1, 31: conversi animum vultumque, Tac. hist. 1, 85. – γ) Zustände, rem publicam, Cic.: hunc ordinem, Quint.: praemia Metelli in pestem, Sall.: omne beneficium in iniuriam, Sen.: v. lebl. Subjj., non fas nefasque, non humanam vicem convertere valere (v. einem Zaubertrank), Hor.: tot opes, tot gaudia dies unus in adversa convertit, Plin. ep.: odium c. in amorem (v. der Freundschaft), Val. Max.: possitne
    ————
    eloquentia commutatione aliquā converti in infantiam, Cic. – refl., se conv. u. bl. conv., sich verkehren, sich umändern, umschlagen, (s. Piderit Cic. Brut. 141), cavendum, ne in graves inimicitias convertant se amicitiae, Cic.: ubi regium imperium in superbiam dominationemque se convertit, Sall.: num virtus in vitium possit convertere, Cic.: hoc vitium huic uni in bonum convertebat, Cic.: nec in falsum e vero praeterita possunt convertere, Cic. – ebenso Passiv converti medial, vide, quam conversa res sit, Cic.: conversa subito fortuna est, Nep.: non posse iam ad salutem converti hoc malum, Ter.: indigne ferunt illam clementiam mansuetudinemque nostri imperii tantam in crudelitatem inhumanitatemque esse conversam, Cic. – δ) als rhet. t. t., den Ausdruck mit einem andern vertauschend künstlich umwandeln, conversa oratio atque mutata, Cic.: convertendi genus, Cic. – ε) als gramm. t. t., casus conversi = casus obliqui, die abgewandelten Kasusformen, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 64. – ζ) als milit. t. t., castra castris c., Lager mit Lager vertauschen = fortrückend immer neue Lager aufschlagen, Caes. b. c. 1, 81, 3.
    b) seinem ganzen Wesen, seiner Gestalt nach verwandeln, umgestalten, refl. se convertere od. Passiv converti medial = sich verwandeln, tellus induit ignotas hominum conversa figuras, Ov. met. 1, 86 sq. – gew. m. in u. Akk., terras in freti formam, Ov.:
    ————
    in bovem Io, Inachi filiam, Lact.: Hecubam putant propter animi acerbitatem fingi in canem esse conversam, Cic.: figura canis, in quam Hecuba conversa traditur, Mela: mater in ursae speciem conversa, Hyg.: mugitu bovis in sermonem humanum converso, Val. Max.: hominum simulacra ferarumque in silicem ex ipsis visā conversa Medusā, Ov.: in cinerem favillasque converti, Firm. math. – refl., teils conv. se, zB. se in hominem (v. einer Gottheit), Ter.: se in anum (alte Frau), Hyg.: se in taurum, Hyg.: se ex homine in beluam, Cic.: si omnium pecudum exta eodem tempore in eundem habitum se coloremque converterent, Cic. – teils bl. conv., zB. c. in mulierem, Rutil. Lup. – u. Passiv medial, deo converso in pretium (v. Jupiter), Hor.
    c) aus einer Sprache in eine andere umwandeln = übertragen, übersetzen, verdolmetschen, gew. m. de od. ex u. Abl. u. m. in u. Akk., aliqua de Graecis, Cic.: orationes e Graeco, Cic.: ex Atticis duorum eloquentissimorum nobilissimas orationes, Cic.: illa in Latinum, Cic.: librum e Graeco in Latinum, Cic. – im Zshg. auch ohne Angabe woraus od. wohin? Electra (Sophoclis) male conversa, Cic.: carmina Arati ea, quae a te admodum adulescentulo conversa ita me delectant, quia Latina sunt, ut etc., Cic. – ⇒ Parag. Infin. convertier, Lucr. 1, 796. Cic. Arat. 269 (515).

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > converto

  • 15 culpa

    culpa (altlat. colpa), ae, f., das Verschulden, die Verschuldung, die Schuld, I) eig. u. meton.: 1) eig.: a) übh. (Ggstz. laus): c. belli, Liv.: c. delicti, Cic.: c. neglegentiae, Q. Cic. – correctio huius culpae, Cic.: liberatio culpae, Cic.: satisfactio culpae, Quint. – nulla conscientia de culpa, Sall. Cat. 35, 2. – affinis culpae, Cic.: sibi nullius conscius culpae, Plin. ep.; vgl. istius nescius culpae, Verg.: expers culpae, Suet.: a culpa vacuus, Sall.: culpae reus, Cic. – c. aliena, Cic.: magna, maxima, Cic.: minor, Cic.: turpis, Cic. – Abl. culpā, durch (eigenes) V., zB. nihil mihi mali casus attulit; omnia culpā contracta sunt, Cic.: nusquam culpā male rem gessit, Nep.: culpā amittere alqd, Liv.: ebenso meā culpā, tuā culpā, suā culpā u. dgl., zB. non meā culpā saepe ad vos oratum mitto, es ist nicht meine Sch., daß ich usw., Sall.: magis adeo id facilitate, quam aliā ullā culpā meā contigit, Cic.: nemo, nisi suā culpā, diu dolet, Quint.: summā meā culpā, Cic. – culpā alcis, zB. accusatorum culpā, Val. Max.: nullā ducis culpā, Tac.: bes. oft accĭdit alqd culpā alcis, operā et culpā alcis, culpā senectutis, Cic.: ea molestissime ferre homines debent, quae ipsorum culpā contracta sunt, Cic. – abesse a culpa, sowohl v. Pers., zB. innocens est quispiam, verum tamen, quamquam abest a culpa, suspicione tamen non caret, Cic.; als v. Lebl., ferre fortunam praesertim quae absit a culpa, Cic. – abest culpa ab alqo od. ab alqa re, zB. a filio, Quint.: quicquid accĭderit, a quo mea culpa absit, animo forti feram, Cic. – non abhorrere a tali culpa (v. Pers.), Cic.: absolvere alqm culpā niveis lapillis (Ggstz. damnare nigris), Ov. – accusare populi culpam, non accusatoris, Cic. – admittere in se culpam, Ter.: enixe amovere ab se culpam, Liv.: arguere alqm culpae (Ggstz. liberare culpae), Liv.: ea culpa, quam arguo, Liv.: assignare culpae alcis imprudentiaeque, quod (daß) etc., Cic.: assignare culpae fortunam (zur persönl. Sch. anrechnen) Auct. b. Afr.: uni culpam attribuere, Cic.: augere culpam, culpam alcis rei, Cic., culpam suam, Plin. ep.: avertere omnem culpam in fraudem Carthaginiensium, Liv. – carere culpā, Plaut., Cic. u.a.: coarguere suam culpam, Cic.: commereri culpam, Plaut.: commerere culpam, Ter., culpam in se, Plaut.: committere culpam, Cic.: communicare culpam suam cum altero, Cic. – conferre culpam suam in senectutem, Cic., culpam omnem in Domitium, Cic., in me omnem illorum temporum culpam, Cic., huius circumsessionis tuae causam et culpam in alios, Cic.: ut in eo ipso, in quo reprehendatur, culpam in adversarium conferat, Cic. – in quo non modo culpa nulla, sed ne suspicio quidem potuit consistere (Platz greifen), Cic.: cum in homine nulla culpa inveniretur, Cic. – culpā contaminare personam (seinen Charakter), Cornif. rhet.: contrahere culpam (v. Pers.), Cic.: fortunam in culpam convertere, jmdm. sein Schicksal als Schuld beimessen, Cic.: corrigere virtute culpam suam, Liv. – dare alci summam laudem vitio et culpae, Cic.: dare veniam culpae, Ov.: demovere culpam ab aliis, Cic.: derivare culpam suam in alqm, Cic. – non potes effugere huius culpae poenam, Cic. – est culpa mea, tua etc., est culpa alcis, zB. sed haec mea culpa est, Cic.: tua summa culpa est, si etc., du bist am meisten schuld, Cic.: tua tamen non nulla culpa est, Cic.: nostra nulla culpa est, Cic.: de reliquo iam nostra culpa erit, si etc., Cic.: multorum est enim et varia culpa, Cic.: hominum esse istam culpam, non deorum, Cic. – est culpa in alqo od. in alqa re, zB. ego culpam non in nauarchis, sed in te fuisse demonstro, Cic.: illa modo in ducibus culpa, quod ut odio essent civibus fecerant, alia omnis penes milites noxia erat, Liv.: in hominum vitiis ais esse culpam, Cic.: dav. verschieden scit culpam in facto, non scelus esse meo, Ov. trist. 4, 1, 24. – est culpa penes alqm, zB. ego etiam illorum esse hanc culpam credidi, quae te est penes, Ter.: ne penes ipsos culpa esset cladis forte Gallico bello acceptae, Liv.: si vicarii dati, penes eos culpa est, qui etc., Traian. in Plin. ep. – esse in culpa, v. Pers.u. Lebl., zB. nos in culpa sumus, Cic.: simili sunt in culpa, qui etc., Cic.: medicus magna est in culpa, si etc., Cic.: malo Tironis verecundiam in culpa esse, quam illiberalitatem Curii, Cic.: Ggstz. extra culpam esse, zB. dico aut omnes extra culpam fuisse, aut, si uni culpa attribuenda sit, in eo maximam fuisse, qui summum imperium obtineret, aut, si omnes in culpa fuerint, oportuisse etc., Cic.: extra culpam belli esse, Liv. – excludere culpam, unmöglich machen, zB. eam dedisses hominibus rationem, quae vitia culpamque excluderet, Cic. – fateri culpam suam, Quint. – haeret omnis culpa sola in alqo, Ter.: haeret in alqo culpa crimenque, Cic. – ignoscere culpae minori, Petron.: incĭdere in hoc culpae genus non fraude, Cic.: inclinare omnem culpam in collegam, Liv.: invenire alqm in culpa, Ter. – liberare alqm culpā, Cic.: liberare alqm culpae (Ggstz. arguere alqm culpae), Liv.: luere culpam maiorum (von den Nachkommen), Curt.: sanguine liberûm suorum culpam defectionis luere, Liv.-merere culpam in alqa re, Ter., od. alqā re, zB. prave quid imperando, Mela: videndum est an minui culpa possit, Quint. – piare miserorum morte culpam hanc, Verg.: plectere culpam, Cic.: ponere se extra omnem culpam causamque, Cic.: non omnes, qui Oppianicum condemnarunt, in culpa sunt ac suspicione ponendi, als Schuld habend u. verdächtig anzusehen, Cic.: praestare culpam, für die Sch. Bürgschaft leisten, Cic.: purgare (rechtfertigen) culpam, Liv. – redimere praeteritam culpam, ausgleichen, gut machen, Planc. in Cic. ep. (vgl. redimere nullam congiario culpam, nullam alimentis crudelitatem, Plin. pan.): regerere communem culpam in alqm, Plin. ep.: remittere culpam, Val. Flacc.: a se removere culpam, Liv.: remotum esse a culpa (v. Pers.), Cic.: reprehendere alcis culpam, Cic.: residet culpa alcis rei in alqo, Cic. – subest nulla culpa, Cic. fr.: suscipere culpam, culpam alcis rei, aliquid culpae recusando, Cic.: in se suscipere istius culpam crimenque, Cic.: sustinere culpam alcis rei, die Sch. von etw. tragen, v. Pers., Cic.; u. v. Lebl., zB. horum malorum omnium culpam fortuna sustinet, Cic.; u. (v. Pers.) m. folg. quod (daß usw.), ut iam ne istius quidem rei culpam sustineam, quod minus diu fuerim in provincia, quam fortasse fuerit utile, Cic. – teneri aliquā culpā erroris humani, Cic.: transferre culpam (omnem culpam) in alios od. in se, Cic.: transferre suam culpam ad negotia, Sall.: tribuere alqd culpae alcis, Cornif. rhet., Caes. u.a. – vacare culpā, omni culpā (v. Pers.), Cic.: vacare culpā in alqa re (v. Pers.), Cic.: versari in simili culpa (v. Pers.), Cic.: vertere culpam alcis rei in gloriam alqā re, Plin. ep.: vitare culpam, Hor. – im Plur., ut hoc iam ante confirmem, in hoc uno genere omnes inesse culpas istius maximas avaritiae, maiestatis, dementiae, libidinis, crudelitatis, Cic. Verr., 5, 42: seraque fata, quae manent culpas etiam sub Orco, Hor. carm. 3, 22, 29: u. so Plur. noch Hor. carm. 4, 4, 36; 4, 15, 11. Vitr. 3, 1, 4. Apul. de dogm. Plat. 2, 27. Arnob. 1, 27 u.a. Auson. lud. sept. sap. praef. 14 u.a. – b) insbes.: α) die Schuld der Unkeuschheit, der Fall, culpa inter viros ac feminas vulgata, Tac.: celare culpam falsa sub imagine, Ov. – β) die Schuld der Nachlässigkeit, die Nachlässigkeit, die man verschuldet, si neque maiorem feci ratione malā rem, nec sum facturus vitio culpāve (durch Verschwendung oder N.) minorem, Hor. sat. 2, 6, 6 sq.: u. so Gaius dig. 17, 2, 72. Ulp. dig. 42, 5, 8. § 3. – 2) meton., die Schuld = der schuldige Gegenstand, continuo culpam (die Ursache der Seuche, das kranke Schaf) ferro compesce, Verg. georg. 3, 468. – II) übtr., das Gebrechen einer Sache (Ggstz. laus, Vollkommenheit), operum et laudes et culpae, Vitr. 3, 1, 4.

    lateinisch-deutsches > culpa

  • 16 culpa

    culpa (altlat. colpa), ae, f., das Verschulden, die Verschuldung, die Schuld, I) eig. u. meton.: 1) eig.: a) übh. (Ggstz. laus): c. belli, Liv.: c. delicti, Cic.: c. neglegentiae, Q. Cic. – correctio huius culpae, Cic.: liberatio culpae, Cic.: satisfactio culpae, Quint. – nulla conscientia de culpa, Sall. Cat. 35, 2. – affinis culpae, Cic.: sibi nullius conscius culpae, Plin. ep.; vgl. istius nescius culpae, Verg.: expers culpae, Suet.: a culpa vacuus, Sall.: culpae reus, Cic. – c. aliena, Cic.: magna, maxima, Cic.: minor, Cic.: turpis, Cic. – Abl. culpā, durch (eigenes) V., zB. nihil mihi mali casus attulit; omnia culpā contracta sunt, Cic.: nusquam culpā male rem gessit, Nep.: culpā amittere alqd, Liv.: ebenso meā culpā, tuā culpā, suā culpā u. dgl., zB. non meā culpā saepe ad vos oratum mitto, es ist nicht meine Sch., daß ich usw., Sall.: magis adeo id facilitate, quam aliā ullā culpā meā contigit, Cic.: nemo, nisi suā culpā, diu dolet, Quint.: summā meā culpā, Cic. – culpā alcis, zB. accusatorum culpā, Val. Max.: nullā ducis culpā, Tac.: bes. oft accĭdit alqd culpā alcis, operā et culpā alcis, culpā senectutis, Cic.: ea molestissime ferre homines debent, quae ipsorum culpā contracta sunt, Cic. – abesse a culpa, sowohl v. Pers., zB. innocens est quispiam, verum tamen, quamquam abest a culpa, suspicione tamen non caret, Cic.; als v. Lebl., ferre fortunam praesertim
    ————
    quae absit a culpa, Cic. – abest culpa ab alqo od. ab alqa re, zB. a filio, Quint.: quicquid accĭderit, a quo mea culpa absit, animo forti feram, Cic. – non abhorrere a tali culpa (v. Pers.), Cic.: absolvere alqm culpā niveis lapillis (Ggstz. damnare nigris), Ov. – accusare populi culpam, non accusatoris, Cic. – admittere in se culpam, Ter.: enixe amovere ab se culpam, Liv.: arguere alqm culpae (Ggstz. liberare culpae), Liv.: ea culpa, quam arguo, Liv.: assignare culpae alcis imprudentiaeque, quod (daß) etc., Cic.: assignare culpae fortunam (zur persönl. Sch. anrechnen) Auct. b. Afr.: uni culpam attribuere, Cic.: augere culpam, culpam alcis rei, Cic., culpam suam, Plin. ep.: avertere omnem culpam in fraudem Carthaginiensium, Liv. – carere culpā, Plaut., Cic. u.a.: coarguere suam culpam, Cic.: commereri culpam, Plaut.: commerere culpam, Ter., culpam in se, Plaut.: committere culpam, Cic.: communicare culpam suam cum altero, Cic. – conferre culpam suam in senectutem, Cic., culpam omnem in Domitium, Cic., in me omnem illorum temporum culpam, Cic., huius circumsessionis tuae causam et culpam in alios, Cic.: ut in eo ipso, in quo reprehendatur, culpam in adversarium conferat, Cic. – in quo non modo culpa nulla, sed ne suspicio quidem potuit consistere (Platz greifen), Cic.: cum in homine nulla culpa inveniretur, Cic. – culpā contaminare personam (seinen Charakter), Cornif. rhet.: contrahere
    ————
    culpam (v. Pers.), Cic.: fortunam in culpam convertere, jmdm. sein Schicksal als Schuld beimessen, Cic.: corrigere virtute culpam suam, Liv. – dare alci summam laudem vitio et culpae, Cic.: dare veniam culpae, Ov.: demovere culpam ab aliis, Cic.: derivare culpam suam in alqm, Cic. – non potes effugere huius culpae poenam, Cic. – est culpa mea, tua etc., est culpa alcis, zB. sed haec mea culpa est, Cic.: tua summa culpa est, si etc., du bist am meisten schuld, Cic.: tua tamen non nulla culpa est, Cic.: nostra nulla culpa est, Cic.: de reliquo iam nostra culpa erit, si etc., Cic.: multorum est enim et varia culpa, Cic.: hominum esse istam culpam, non deorum, Cic. – est culpa in alqo od. in alqa re, zB. ego culpam non in nauarchis, sed in te fuisse demonstro, Cic.: illa modo in ducibus culpa, quod ut odio essent civibus fecerant, alia omnis penes milites noxia erat, Liv.: in hominum vitiis ais esse culpam, Cic.: dav. verschieden scit culpam in facto, non scelus esse meo, Ov. trist. 4, 1, 24. – est culpa penes alqm, zB. ego etiam illorum esse hanc culpam credidi, quae te est penes, Ter.: ne penes ipsos culpa esset cladis forte Gallico bello acceptae, Liv.: si vicarii dati, penes eos culpa est, qui etc., Traian. in Plin. ep. – esse in culpa, v. Pers.u. Lebl., zB. nos in culpa sumus, Cic.: simili sunt in culpa, qui etc., Cic.: medicus magna est in culpa, si etc., Cic.: malo Tironis verecundiam in culpa esse, quam illibe-
    ————
    ralitatem Curii, Cic.: Ggstz. extra culpam esse, zB. dico aut omnes extra culpam fuisse, aut, si uni culpa attribuenda sit, in eo maximam fuisse, qui summum imperium obtineret, aut, si omnes in culpa fuerint, oportuisse etc., Cic.: extra culpam belli esse, Liv. – excludere culpam, unmöglich machen, zB. eam dedisses hominibus rationem, quae vitia culpamque excluderet, Cic. – fateri culpam suam, Quint. – haeret omnis culpa sola in alqo, Ter.: haeret in alqo culpa crimenque, Cic. – ignoscere culpae minori, Petron.: incĭdere in hoc culpae genus non fraude, Cic.: inclinare omnem culpam in collegam, Liv.: invenire alqm in culpa, Ter. – liberare alqm culpā, Cic.: liberare alqm culpae (Ggstz. arguere alqm culpae), Liv.: luere culpam maiorum (von den Nachkommen), Curt.: sanguine liberûm suorum culpam defectionis luere, Liv.- merere culpam in alqa re, Ter., od. alqā re, zB. prave quid imperando, Mela: videndum est an minui culpa possit, Quint. – piare miserorum morte culpam hanc, Verg.: plectere culpam, Cic.: ponere se extra omnem culpam causamque, Cic.: non omnes, qui Oppianicum condemnarunt, in culpa sunt ac suspicione ponendi, als Schuld habend u. verdächtig anzusehen, Cic.: praestare culpam, für die Sch. Bürgschaft leisten, Cic.: purgare (rechtfertigen) culpam, Liv. – redimere praeteritam culpam, ausgleichen, gut machen, Planc. in Cic. ep. (vgl. redimere nullam congiario culpam,
    ————
    nullam alimentis crudelitatem, Plin. pan.): regerere communem culpam in alqm, Plin. ep.: remittere culpam, Val. Flacc.: a se removere culpam, Liv.: remotum esse a culpa (v. Pers.), Cic.: reprehendere alcis culpam, Cic.: residet culpa alcis rei in alqo, Cic. – subest nulla culpa, Cic. fr.: suscipere culpam, culpam alcis rei, aliquid culpae recusando, Cic.: in se suscipere istius culpam crimenque, Cic.: sustinere culpam alcis rei, die Sch. von etw. tragen, v. Pers., Cic.; u. v. Lebl., zB. horum malorum omnium culpam fortuna sustinet, Cic.; u. (v. Pers.) m. folg. quod (daß usw.), ut iam ne istius quidem rei culpam sustineam, quod minus diu fuerim in provincia, quam fortasse fuerit utile, Cic. – teneri aliquā culpā erroris humani, Cic.: transferre culpam (omnem culpam) in alios od. in se, Cic.: transferre suam culpam ad negotia, Sall.: tribuere alqd culpae alcis, Cornif. rhet., Caes. u.a. – vacare culpā, omni culpā (v. Pers.), Cic.: vacare culpā in alqa re (v. Pers.), Cic.: versari in simili culpa (v. Pers.), Cic.: vertere culpam alcis rei in gloriam alqā re, Plin. ep.: vitare culpam, Hor. – im Plur., ut hoc iam ante confirmem, in hoc uno genere omnes inesse culpas istius maximas avaritiae, maiestatis, dementiae, libidinis, crudelitatis, Cic. Verr., 5, 42: seraque fata, quae manent culpas etiam sub Orco, Hor. carm. 3, 22, 29: u. so Plur. noch Hor. carm. 4, 4, 36; 4, 15, 11. Vitr. 3, 1, 4. Apul. de dogm. Plat. 2, 27. Arnob.
    ————
    1, 27 u.a. Auson. lud. sept. sap. praef. 14 u.a. – b) insbes.: α) die Schuld der Unkeuschheit, der Fall, culpa inter viros ac feminas vulgata, Tac.: celare culpam falsa sub imagine, Ov. – β) die Schuld der Nachlässigkeit, die Nachlässigkeit, die man verschuldet, si neque maiorem feci ratione malā rem, nec sum facturus vitio culpāve (durch Verschwendung oder N.) minorem, Hor. sat. 2, 6, 6 sq.: u. so Gaius dig. 17, 2, 72. Ulp. dig. 42, 5, 8. § 3. – 2) meton., die Schuld = der schuldige Gegenstand, continuo culpam (die Ursache der Seuche, das kranke Schaf) ferro compesce, Verg. georg. 3, 468. – II) übtr., das Gebrechen einer Sache (Ggstz. laus, Vollkommenheit), operum et laudes et culpae, Vitr. 3, 1, 4.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > culpa

  • 17 converto

    con-verto ( - vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a. and n.
    I.
    Act., to turn or whirl round, to wheel about, to cause to turn, to turn back, reverse; and with the designation of the terminus in quem, to turn or direct somewhere, to direct to or towards, to move or turn to, etc. (very freq. in all perr. and species of composition).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.
    a.
    With a simple acc.:

    caelos omnes,

    Lucr. 2, 1097; cf.:

    in infimo orbe luna convertitur,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17; id. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    minore sonitu quam putaram, orbis hic in re publicā est conversus,

    id. Att. 2, 9, 1:

    manum,

    Quint. 11, 3, 100:

    reddita inclusarum ex speluncā boum vox Herculem convertit,

    Liv. 1, 7, 7:

    ter se convertit,

    Ov. M. 7, 189:

    crines calamistro,

    i. e. to curl, Petr. 102, 15 et saep.—
    b.
    With the designation of the terminus in quem.
    (α).
    By in:

    equos frenis in hostes,

    Lucr. 5, 1317:

    naves in eam partem,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 15:

    ferrum in me,

    Verg. A. 9, 427:

    omnium ora atque oculos in aliquem,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 1 (cf. under B. 1.):

    iter in provinciam,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 56:

    se in Phrygiam,

    Nep. Ages. 3, 2 et saep.—Medial:

    in fugam nemo convortitur,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 83 Fleck.—
    (β).
    By ad:

    ad hunc se confestim a Pulfione omnis multitudo convertit,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 10:

    eam materiam ad hostem,

    id. ib. 3, 29:

    colla ad freta,

    Ov. M. 15, 516:

    tum bis ad occasum, bis se convertit ad ortum,

    id. ib. 14, 386:

    nos ad judicem,

    Quint. 11, 3, 157 et saep.—
    * (γ).
    By contra:

    tigna contra vim atque impetum fluminis,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5.—
    (δ).
    By sub:

    cursum sub terras,

    Lucr. 5, 654.—
    (ε).
    By the dat.:

    majus lumen in diem nobis luna,

    Lucr. 5, 706.—Medial:

    Zephyro convertitur ales Itque super Libyen,

    Luc. 9, 689.—
    (ζ).
    By local adv.:

    aspectum facile quo vellent,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142.—
    (η).
    By the acc. alone:

    se domum,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 22.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    Milit. t. t.: convertere signa, aciem, etc., to wheel about, change the direction of a march:

    conversa signa in hostes inferre,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

    Romani conversa signa bipartito intulerunt,

    id. ib. 1, 25:

    reliquos sese convertere cogunt,

    to retreat, id. B. C. 1, 46:

    cum conversis signis retro in urbem rediretur,

    Liv. 8, 11, 4; cf.:

    convertunt inde signa,

    id. 3, 54, 10 Drak. ad loc. (where Weissenb. ex conj., convellunt):

    aciem,

    id. 42, 57, 12; so,

    aciem in fugam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 52. —
    b.
    Rhet. t. t., of words, to transpose, interchange:

    non modo mutare quaedam verba, sed extendere, corripere, convertere, dividere cogitur (poësis),

    Quint. 10, 1, 29.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    In gen.:

    ut ab eo quod agitur avertat animos, ut saepe in hilaritatem risumve convertat,

    Cic. Or. 40, 138; so,

    risum in judicem,

    id. de Or. 2, 60, 245:

    omnem orationem transduxi et converti in increpandam Caepionis fugam,

    id. ib. 2, 48, 199:

    rationem in fraudem malitiamque,

    to employ, id. N. D. 3, 31, 78; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 39, 114 and 115:

    beneficium in injuriam,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 13, 1 et saep.:

    animos imperitorum ad deorum cultum a vitae pravitate,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 77; cf. Liv. 24, 4, 4 and 9: qui eas copias, quas diu simulatione rei publicae comparabant, subito ad patriae periculum converterunt, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, a, 5 fin.:

    facultatem dicendi ad hominum perniciem,

    Quint. 2, 20, 2 et saep.:

    ingenium et studium ad causas agendas,

    Tac. Or. 14 et saep.:

    se aliquando ad timorem, numquam ad sanitatem,

    Cic. Sull. 5, 17; id. Fam. 3, 10, 10:

    se ad philosophos,

    id. Fin. 5, 3, 7; cf. id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 5 et saep.:

    quocumque te animo et cogitatione converteris,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    aculeum testimonii sui,

    id. Fl. 34, 86:

    argumentum,

    Gell. 5, 10, 3.—Of turning to the political support of any one:

    tota civitas se ad eos convertisse videretur,

    Nep. Att. 8, 1; cf. Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12; Sen. Clem. 1, 4, 3; cf.:

    fama hujus rei convertit ad Masinissam Numidas,

    Liv. 29, 30, 7.— Pass. in mid. sense:

    cuncta ad victoris opes conversa,

    Tac. H. 3, 44.—In eccl. Lat., to convert to Christianity, etc.:

    aliquem ad fidem Christi,

    Hier. in Philem. 5, 10 sq. —Esp. freq. of turning or arresting the attention:

    illud intellego, omnium ora in me convorsa esse,

    Sall. J. 85, 5:

    converterat Cn. Pompeii persona totum in se terrarum orbem,

    Vell. 2, 31, 1:

    proximas (provincias) in se,

    Suet. Vesp. 4 al.: nihil opus est, ad continendas custodias plures commilitones converti, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 20 (31), 1:

    omnium oculos ad se,

    Nep. Alcib. 3, 5.—And with inanimate things as subjects:

    cum aliqua iis ampla et honesta res objecta totos ad se convertit et rapit,

    Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37.—Since the Aug. per. also freq. with a simple acc.:

    sive elephas albus volgi converteret ora,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 196; Suet. Calig. 35; cf. Liv. 26, 29, 2:

    animos,

    id. 29, 26, 5:

    homines quaqua iret,

    Suet. Tit. 5.—
    2.
    Pregn., to change the nature of a thing; i. e. to change, alter, transform, turn.
    (α).
    With a simple acc.:

    omnes Res ita convortant formas mutentque colores,

    Lucr. 2, 1005; cf. id. 1, 678:

    omnia,

    id. 4, 441:

    tellus induit ignotas hominum conversa figuras,

    Ov. M. 1, 88:

    humanam vicem (venena),

    Hor. Epod. 5, 88:

    rem,

    Cic. Att. 8, 13, 2:

    rem publicam,

    to bring into disorder, id. Fl. 38, 94:

    hunc ordinem,

    Quint. 7, 2, 15:

    animum avaritiā,

    Sall. J. 29, 1:

    vitae viam,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 26:

    studia,

    id. A. P. 166 et saep.:

    conversi animum vultumque,

    Tac. H. 1, 85: castra castris, to change camp with camp (i. e. to establish new camps by constantly removing), Caes. B. C. 1, 81.—

    In gram.: casus conversi, = casus obliqui,

    the cases which undergo a change of form, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64.—
    (β).
    With ad:

    nisi si id putas, non posse jam ad salutem convorti hoc malum,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 48:

    poena omnis oculorum ad caecitatem mentis est conversa,

    Cic. Dom. 40, 105:

    mater magna, cujus ludi violati, polluti, paene ad caedem et ad funus civitatis conversi sunt,

    id. Har. Resp. 11, 24:

    quod ad perniciem suam fuerat cogitatum, id ad salutem convertit,

    Nep. Dat. 6, 8.—
    (γ).
    With in:

    si antequam tumor discutiatur in suppurationem convertitur,

    Col. 6, 17, 6:

    jam ego me convortam in hirudinem,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 4:

    deum sese in hominem,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 40:

    Hecubam in canem,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63:

    terras in freti formam,

    Ov. M. 11, 209:

    deum (sc. Jovem) in pretium (i. e. aurum),

    Hor. C. 3, 16, 8:

    vim morbi in quartanam,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 1 et saep.:

    crimen in laudem,

    id. Fl. 29, 70:

    amicitiae se in graves inimicitias,

    id. Lael. 21, 78; Quint. 12, 1, 2 et saep.—
    b.
    Of written works, to translate:

    converti ex Atticis duorum eloquentissimorum nobilissimas orationes... nec converti ut interpres, sed ut orator, etc.,

    Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 14:

    orationes e Graeco,

    id. ib. 6, 18:

    aliqua de Graecis,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 6:

    librum in Latinum,

    id. Off. 2, 24, 87; id. Tusc. 3, 14, 29; cf. id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. N. D. 2, 41, 104.—
    II.
    Neutr., to relurn (rare).
    A.
    Lit.:

    inde (imago) retro rursum redit et convertit eodem,

    Lucr. 4, 334 (Lachm. conj. convertitur):

    clam cum paucis ad pedites convortit,

    Sall. J. 101, 6:

    in regnum suum,

    id. ib. 20, 4:

    convortit Varro,

    Sil. 9, 645:

    ad me,

    Gell. 1, 26, 3.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To return, turn:

    in amicitiam atque in gratiam,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 18:

    ad sapientiora,

    Tac. A. 3, 55.—
    2.
    To change, turn:

    hoc vitium huic uni in bonum convertebat,

    Cic. Brut. 38, 141; id. de Or. 3, 29, 114; id. Fat. 7, 14; cf. id. ib. 9, 17:

    regium imperium in superbiam dominationemque,

    Sall. C. 6, 7 Kritz:

    ne ista vobis mansuetudo et misericordia... in miseriam convortet,

    id. ib. 52, 27:

    ad aliquem, of political support,

    Cic. Planc. 20, 50; Tac. A. 12, 18.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > converto

  • 18 convorto

    con-verto ( - vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a. and n.
    I.
    Act., to turn or whirl round, to wheel about, to cause to turn, to turn back, reverse; and with the designation of the terminus in quem, to turn or direct somewhere, to direct to or towards, to move or turn to, etc. (very freq. in all perr. and species of composition).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.
    a.
    With a simple acc.:

    caelos omnes,

    Lucr. 2, 1097; cf.:

    in infimo orbe luna convertitur,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17; id. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    minore sonitu quam putaram, orbis hic in re publicā est conversus,

    id. Att. 2, 9, 1:

    manum,

    Quint. 11, 3, 100:

    reddita inclusarum ex speluncā boum vox Herculem convertit,

    Liv. 1, 7, 7:

    ter se convertit,

    Ov. M. 7, 189:

    crines calamistro,

    i. e. to curl, Petr. 102, 15 et saep.—
    b.
    With the designation of the terminus in quem.
    (α).
    By in:

    equos frenis in hostes,

    Lucr. 5, 1317:

    naves in eam partem,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 15:

    ferrum in me,

    Verg. A. 9, 427:

    omnium ora atque oculos in aliquem,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 1 (cf. under B. 1.):

    iter in provinciam,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 56:

    se in Phrygiam,

    Nep. Ages. 3, 2 et saep.—Medial:

    in fugam nemo convortitur,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 83 Fleck.—
    (β).
    By ad:

    ad hunc se confestim a Pulfione omnis multitudo convertit,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 10:

    eam materiam ad hostem,

    id. ib. 3, 29:

    colla ad freta,

    Ov. M. 15, 516:

    tum bis ad occasum, bis se convertit ad ortum,

    id. ib. 14, 386:

    nos ad judicem,

    Quint. 11, 3, 157 et saep.—
    * (γ).
    By contra:

    tigna contra vim atque impetum fluminis,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5.—
    (δ).
    By sub:

    cursum sub terras,

    Lucr. 5, 654.—
    (ε).
    By the dat.:

    majus lumen in diem nobis luna,

    Lucr. 5, 706.—Medial:

    Zephyro convertitur ales Itque super Libyen,

    Luc. 9, 689.—
    (ζ).
    By local adv.:

    aspectum facile quo vellent,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142.—
    (η).
    By the acc. alone:

    se domum,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 22.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    Milit. t. t.: convertere signa, aciem, etc., to wheel about, change the direction of a march:

    conversa signa in hostes inferre,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

    Romani conversa signa bipartito intulerunt,

    id. ib. 1, 25:

    reliquos sese convertere cogunt,

    to retreat, id. B. C. 1, 46:

    cum conversis signis retro in urbem rediretur,

    Liv. 8, 11, 4; cf.:

    convertunt inde signa,

    id. 3, 54, 10 Drak. ad loc. (where Weissenb. ex conj., convellunt):

    aciem,

    id. 42, 57, 12; so,

    aciem in fugam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 52. —
    b.
    Rhet. t. t., of words, to transpose, interchange:

    non modo mutare quaedam verba, sed extendere, corripere, convertere, dividere cogitur (poësis),

    Quint. 10, 1, 29.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    In gen.:

    ut ab eo quod agitur avertat animos, ut saepe in hilaritatem risumve convertat,

    Cic. Or. 40, 138; so,

    risum in judicem,

    id. de Or. 2, 60, 245:

    omnem orationem transduxi et converti in increpandam Caepionis fugam,

    id. ib. 2, 48, 199:

    rationem in fraudem malitiamque,

    to employ, id. N. D. 3, 31, 78; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 39, 114 and 115:

    beneficium in injuriam,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 13, 1 et saep.:

    animos imperitorum ad deorum cultum a vitae pravitate,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 77; cf. Liv. 24, 4, 4 and 9: qui eas copias, quas diu simulatione rei publicae comparabant, subito ad patriae periculum converterunt, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, a, 5 fin.:

    facultatem dicendi ad hominum perniciem,

    Quint. 2, 20, 2 et saep.:

    ingenium et studium ad causas agendas,

    Tac. Or. 14 et saep.:

    se aliquando ad timorem, numquam ad sanitatem,

    Cic. Sull. 5, 17; id. Fam. 3, 10, 10:

    se ad philosophos,

    id. Fin. 5, 3, 7; cf. id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 5 et saep.:

    quocumque te animo et cogitatione converteris,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    aculeum testimonii sui,

    id. Fl. 34, 86:

    argumentum,

    Gell. 5, 10, 3.—Of turning to the political support of any one:

    tota civitas se ad eos convertisse videretur,

    Nep. Att. 8, 1; cf. Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12; Sen. Clem. 1, 4, 3; cf.:

    fama hujus rei convertit ad Masinissam Numidas,

    Liv. 29, 30, 7.— Pass. in mid. sense:

    cuncta ad victoris opes conversa,

    Tac. H. 3, 44.—In eccl. Lat., to convert to Christianity, etc.:

    aliquem ad fidem Christi,

    Hier. in Philem. 5, 10 sq. —Esp. freq. of turning or arresting the attention:

    illud intellego, omnium ora in me convorsa esse,

    Sall. J. 85, 5:

    converterat Cn. Pompeii persona totum in se terrarum orbem,

    Vell. 2, 31, 1:

    proximas (provincias) in se,

    Suet. Vesp. 4 al.: nihil opus est, ad continendas custodias plures commilitones converti, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 20 (31), 1:

    omnium oculos ad se,

    Nep. Alcib. 3, 5.—And with inanimate things as subjects:

    cum aliqua iis ampla et honesta res objecta totos ad se convertit et rapit,

    Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37.—Since the Aug. per. also freq. with a simple acc.:

    sive elephas albus volgi converteret ora,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 196; Suet. Calig. 35; cf. Liv. 26, 29, 2:

    animos,

    id. 29, 26, 5:

    homines quaqua iret,

    Suet. Tit. 5.—
    2.
    Pregn., to change the nature of a thing; i. e. to change, alter, transform, turn.
    (α).
    With a simple acc.:

    omnes Res ita convortant formas mutentque colores,

    Lucr. 2, 1005; cf. id. 1, 678:

    omnia,

    id. 4, 441:

    tellus induit ignotas hominum conversa figuras,

    Ov. M. 1, 88:

    humanam vicem (venena),

    Hor. Epod. 5, 88:

    rem,

    Cic. Att. 8, 13, 2:

    rem publicam,

    to bring into disorder, id. Fl. 38, 94:

    hunc ordinem,

    Quint. 7, 2, 15:

    animum avaritiā,

    Sall. J. 29, 1:

    vitae viam,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 26:

    studia,

    id. A. P. 166 et saep.:

    conversi animum vultumque,

    Tac. H. 1, 85: castra castris, to change camp with camp (i. e. to establish new camps by constantly removing), Caes. B. C. 1, 81.—

    In gram.: casus conversi, = casus obliqui,

    the cases which undergo a change of form, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64.—
    (β).
    With ad:

    nisi si id putas, non posse jam ad salutem convorti hoc malum,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 48:

    poena omnis oculorum ad caecitatem mentis est conversa,

    Cic. Dom. 40, 105:

    mater magna, cujus ludi violati, polluti, paene ad caedem et ad funus civitatis conversi sunt,

    id. Har. Resp. 11, 24:

    quod ad perniciem suam fuerat cogitatum, id ad salutem convertit,

    Nep. Dat. 6, 8.—
    (γ).
    With in:

    si antequam tumor discutiatur in suppurationem convertitur,

    Col. 6, 17, 6:

    jam ego me convortam in hirudinem,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 4:

    deum sese in hominem,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 40:

    Hecubam in canem,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63:

    terras in freti formam,

    Ov. M. 11, 209:

    deum (sc. Jovem) in pretium (i. e. aurum),

    Hor. C. 3, 16, 8:

    vim morbi in quartanam,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 1 et saep.:

    crimen in laudem,

    id. Fl. 29, 70:

    amicitiae se in graves inimicitias,

    id. Lael. 21, 78; Quint. 12, 1, 2 et saep.—
    b.
    Of written works, to translate:

    converti ex Atticis duorum eloquentissimorum nobilissimas orationes... nec converti ut interpres, sed ut orator, etc.,

    Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 14:

    orationes e Graeco,

    id. ib. 6, 18:

    aliqua de Graecis,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 6:

    librum in Latinum,

    id. Off. 2, 24, 87; id. Tusc. 3, 14, 29; cf. id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. N. D. 2, 41, 104.—
    II.
    Neutr., to relurn (rare).
    A.
    Lit.:

    inde (imago) retro rursum redit et convertit eodem,

    Lucr. 4, 334 (Lachm. conj. convertitur):

    clam cum paucis ad pedites convortit,

    Sall. J. 101, 6:

    in regnum suum,

    id. ib. 20, 4:

    convortit Varro,

    Sil. 9, 645:

    ad me,

    Gell. 1, 26, 3.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To return, turn:

    in amicitiam atque in gratiam,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 18:

    ad sapientiora,

    Tac. A. 3, 55.—
    2.
    To change, turn:

    hoc vitium huic uni in bonum convertebat,

    Cic. Brut. 38, 141; id. de Or. 3, 29, 114; id. Fat. 7, 14; cf. id. ib. 9, 17:

    regium imperium in superbiam dominationemque,

    Sall. C. 6, 7 Kritz:

    ne ista vobis mansuetudo et misericordia... in miseriam convortet,

    id. ib. 52, 27:

    ad aliquem, of political support,

    Cic. Planc. 20, 50; Tac. A. 12, 18.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > convorto

  • 19 verto

    verto (archaist. vorto), vertī (vortī), versum (vorsum), ere (altind. vártatē, er dreht sich, got. waírÞan, ahd. werdan, werden), nach einer anderen, bes. nach der entgegengesetzten Richtung kehren, wenden, drehen, umkehren, umwenden, umdrehen, refl. vertere se u. bl. vertere, u. Passiv verti medial, sich kehren, sich wenden, sich drehen, I) im allg.: A) eig.: 1) übh.: a) m. Angabe wohin? α) durch Praepp.: ora in alqm, Ov.: omnium ora in se, Tac.: raptum vexillum ad ripam, Tac.: currum in fugam, Curt.: aquam v. in subiecta, ableiten in die Niederungen, Tac.: equos ad moenia, Verg.: armentum ad litora, nach dem U. zutreiben, Ov.: mucronem in se, Liv. epit.: v. harpen in alqm, Ov.: morsus exiguam in Cererem (Brot), Verg. – refl., verti me a Minturnis Arpinum versus, Cic.: u. ohne se, ad Orientem vertit, kehrte um, Treb. Poll.: ut (sol) vortat metas ad solstitiales, Lucr.: alterius ramos videmus vertere in alterius, Verg.: o utinam vocula mea vertat in auriculas dominae, gelange, Prop.: Char. quo vortisti (wohin hast du dich gedreht = wohin siehst du)? Dem. ad illum qui emit, Plaut. merc. 434: u. passiv medial, velatum vortier ad lapidem, sich (anbetend) hinzuwenden zu einem (heiligen) Stein, Lucr.: homines, quorum oculi perversā semper acie vertantur, sich drehen, Firm. – β) durch Advv.: sidera retro, Verg.: quo vertere cursus (iubeat), Verg.: quo vocat, vertamus iter, Verg.: v. ora huc et huc, Hor.: nunc huc nunc illuc verso mari, Liv. – refl., vorte hāc te, puere, wende dich hierher = komm hierher, Plaut. – b) m. bl. Acc.: flumina et lacus, ableiten, Tac.: fores cardine tacito, leise aufmachen, Tibull.; vgl. verso cardine strepitum fecit, Ov.: clavem vertere (umdrehen), Iulian. bei Augustin.: simulat gradu discedere verso, Ov.; vgl. verso pede premere arenam, Ov.: u. ille tuus tam cito vertit pennas amor? hat seine Fittige gewendet (= hat sich von mir entfernt, mich aufgegeben)? Prop. – refl., cum haesisset descendenti (virgini Vestali) stola, vertit se et recollegit, Plin. ep. 4, 11, 9. – 2) als milit. t.t.: alqm (hostes, equites u. dgl.) in fugam, in die Fl. treiben, -schlagen, Auct. b. Afr., Liv. u.a.: u. so bl. agmina, Verg.: u. Philippis versa acies retro, die zu Ph. verlorene Schlacht, Hor. – iter retro, eine rückgängige Bewegung machen, Liv.; vgl. ni Vitellium retro Fortuna vertisset, zur Umkehr genötigt hätte, Tac. – terga v., kehrtmachen = fliehen, Caes. u.a.: u. so refl., se, Caes. u.a.: u. ohne se, versuros omnes in fugam extemplo ratus, überzeugt, daß alle sofort kehrtmachen würden, Liv. – in circumsedentes Capuam se vertit, wendete sich gegen usw., Liv. 26, 5, 4. – 3) von der örtl. Lage, bes. als geogr. t.t., refl. Scytharum gens, haud procul Thraciā sita, ab oriente ad septentrionem se vertit, wohnt in der Richtung von O.n.N. (= nordöstlich), Curt. 7, 7 (29), 3. – u. medial, versus in od. ad m. Akk., gewendet, gerichtet, hin- od. hinausgehend, hin- od. hinausliegend u. dgl., squamarum series a cauda ad caput versa, hinlaufend, Plin.: v. Örtlichkeiten, fenestrae in viam versae, Liv.: Epirus in septentrionem versa, Liv.: mare ad occidentem versum, Liv.: (Maeander) nunc ad fontes, nunc in mare versus, hinlaufend, Ov.: u. so (Rhenus) modico flexu in occidentem versus, Tac.: versa est Pachynos ad austros, liegt nach Süden, Ov.

    B) bildl.: 1) im allg.: a) übh.: α) mit Angabe wohin? αα) durch Praepp.: usum olei ad luxuriam, den Gebr. des Öles zur Verschwendung wenden, d.i. bis zur Verschwendung treiben, Plin.: in se studia civium, Tac.: v. bonas aures ad pacem, dem Fr. gütiges Gehör zu schenken geneigt sein, Prop.: indomitum animum in bonum, Tac.: animum alias ad curas, Tac.: consilia curasque in oppugnationem Placentiae, Tac.: venena et artes in alium, Tac.: in nos vertite iras, Liv.: patrem ab alienis in suos vertisse superbiam, Liv. – Passiv, versa Romam res, wurde die Sache (Untersuchung) nach Rom gespielt, Liv.: summa curae in Bostarem versa erat, die Hauptsorge war dem B. zugewälzt, lag auf B., Liv. – in admirationem versus (rex), zur B. hingerissen, Liv. – verti certamine irarum ad caedem, hingetrieben werden, Liv.: u. so solitae cupidine caedis in pecudes, Ov. – medial, in quem (Scipionem) tum omnis civitas versa erat, die Augen der ganzen St. (voll Erwartung) gerichtet waren, Liv.: pater totus in Persea versus, dem P. ganz zugewandt, sich ganz hingebend, Liv. – refl. ohne se, zB. periculum in creditores a debitoribus verterat, Liv.: omnis ira belli ad populationem vertit, ging am Ende hinaus auf B., Liv. – verterat periculum in Romanos, Liv., pernicies ad accusatorem, Tac. – Caesar vertit in Sabinum, lenkte (in dem Schreiben) auf den S. ein, Tac. ann. 4, 70. – ββ) durch Advv.: quo me vortam, wohin soll ich mich (in meiner Not, Verlegenheit) wenden? Ter.: redigam ut, quo se vortat, nesciat, daß er sich nicht zu raten u. zu helfen weiß, Ter.: quo se verteret, nesciebat, Cic.: quoquo verteris, wie man es auch drehen u. wenden mag, Cic. – depulsi aemulatione alio vertunt, davon abgebracht durch Eifersucht, nehmen sie eine andere Wendung, schlagen sie einen anderen Weg ein, Tac. ann. 1, 18: u. so bl. ut verteret, Tac. ann. 4. 10. – β) mit bl. Acc.: versa amicitiae terga dedere meae, kehrten meiner Fr. den Rücken, Ov.: v. sinistrum lenti itineris rumorem prospero proelio, (von sich) abwenden, Tac. – b) Gelder, Einkünfte wohin wenden, d.i. α) zuwenden, ex illa pecunia magnam partem ad se, sich aneignen, Cic.: in se Cotyi data, Tac.: litem in suam rem, das Streitobjekt sich zusprechen, Liv.: Lugdunensium reditus in fi scum, zum F. schlagen, Tac. – u. so wohl verte aliquid, wende dir etwas zu = mache eine Prellerei, ein betrügerisches Geschäft, Pers. 5, 137. – β) wie unser »wohin wenden« = verwenden, benutzen, pecuniam in suos usus, ICt.: pecuniam mutuam in rem alcis, ICt. – captos in praedam, Tac.: seditiosa in praedam, Tac.: occasionem ad bonum publicum, Tac. – c) etwas so u. so (auf die üble od. gute Seite) wenden, m. in u. Akk. od. m. bl. Dat. zur Ang. wozu? α) in der Beurteilung, machen, gereichen lassen zu usw., ansehen als usw., comitia biennio habita in religionem, zu einem Gegenstande frommen Bedenkens machen, Liv.: ne ea, quae rei publicae causā egerit, in suam contumeliam vertat, zu einer Beleidigung gegen sich, Caes.: Romanos obicis mihi et ea, quae gloriae esse debent, in crimen vertis, Liv.: ne sibi vitio verterent, quod etc., Cic. – in prodigium versa ea tempestas, Liv. – β) in der Ausführung, so u. so wenden = die u. die Wendung geben, so u. so ausschlagen, -ablaufen lassen, u. refl. (ohne se) u. Pass. medial, sich wenden, die u. die Wendung nehmen, so u. so ausschlagen, ablaufen, somnia in melius, Tibull.: cognomen in risum, ins Lächerliche ziehen, Hor.: di bene vortant quod agas, Ter. – refl., haec... extemplo in invidiam, mox etiam in perniciem Demetrio verterunt, Liv.: detrimentum in bonum verteret, Caes.: auspicia in bonum verterunt, Liv.: ne memoria Augusti, ne nomen Caesarum in ludibria et contumelias verterent, Tac.: magnitudo pecuniae malo vertit (sc. ei), wurde sein Unglück, Tac.: quae res bene vortat mihi, Plaut.: quae res tibi vertat male, Ter.: quod bene, nec bene vertat, Liv. u. Verg.: u. medial, factum est versum in laudem, Liv. – d) in der Beurteilung auf jmd. od. etw. (als Urheber, Ursache) etw. wenden = jmdm. od. einem Umstande usw. etwas zuschreiben, beimessen, devictorum Samnitium decus ad legatos est versum, Liv.: v. omnium secundorum adversorumque causas in deos, Liv.: quaeque alia in deûm iras vertunt (sc. homines), Liv.: quam rem alii in superbiam vertebant, Sall.

    2) insbes.: a) etw. wenden, d.i. etw. ändern, verändern, wechseln, α) Körperliches: comas (durch Färben) v., Prop.: u. so capillum, Tertull.: furentium certa indicia sunt audax et minax vultus... color versus, veränderte, wechselnde Gesichtfsarbe (= Sich-Verfärben), Sen. – auster in Africum se vertit, schlug zum Südwestwind um, Caes. – β) Zustände usw.: iussa, Verg.: quae mea culpa tuam mentem vertit? Ov.: u. so quae sententia te (dich = deine Gesinnung) vertit? Verg.: statum, Tertull. – refl., vorterunt se memoriae (Zeiten), Plaut.: fortuna iam verterat, hatte sich gewendet (geändert), Liv. – medial, omnia vertuntur, certe vertuntur amores, Prop.: videte, quam versa et mutata in peiorem partem sint omnia, Cic.: verso civitatis statu, Tac.: verso Marte, Liv.: versis ad prospera fatis, Ov.: versā vice, umgekehrt, Sen. poët., Iustin. u.a.: versa facundia, Poesie, Apul. – b) seinem ganzen Wesen, seiner Gestalt nach in etw. übergehen lassen, verwandeln, pectora in silicem, Ov.: alqd in lapidem, Ov.: in cinerem, s. cinis: Niobe, quae nimio fletu in lapidem versa est, Hyg. – refl. u. medial = in etw. übergehen, sich verwandeln, zu etw. werden, se in imaginem Amphitruonis (v. Jupiter), Plaut.: terra in aquam se vertit, Cic.: se in omnes facies, Verg.: vidit fusa in obscenum se vertere vina cruorem, Verg. – medial, in pus verti, Cels.: verti in parva animalia, Ov.: m. Acc. resp., formam vertitur oris antiquum in Buten, verwandelt sich an Gestalt in den alten B., Verg. – c) Schriftwerke usw. übertragen, übersetzen, Philemo scripsit (fabulam), Plautus barbare (lateinisch) vertit, Plaut.: si sic verterem Platonem, ut verterunt nostri poëtae fabulas, Cic.: verti etiam multa de Graecis, Cic.: v. Graeca in Latinum, Quint.: annales ex Graeco in Latinum sermonem, Liv.: ex Graeco in Latinum vel ex Latino vertere in Graecum, Plin. ep. – d) als publiz. t.t., v. solum, sich außer Landes begeben, auswandern, bes. v. Verbannten, dah. oft mit dem Zusatz exsilii causā, Cic. u.a.: vertere solum exsilio, Amm. 15, 3, 12.

    II) prägn.: A) = versare, wie drehen prägn. = wieder und wieder drehen, hin und her drehen, -wen den, fort und fort herumdrehen, -wenden, refl. vertere se u. Pass. vertī medial, sich (hin und her-, sich herum-) drehen, AA) eig. u. übtr.: 1) eig.: lumina, rollen (v. der Gorgo), Verg.: caput, herumrollen, -wälzen (v. Meere), Prop. – medial, vertitur interea caelum (dreht sich [um die Erde]) cum ingentibus signis, Enn.: u. so vertitur interea caelum et ruit (bricht herauf) Oceano Nox, Verg.: si oculi cum dolore vertuntur, wenn sich die Augen unter Schmerz bewegen (bei der Bewegung die Augen schmerzen), Cels.; aber im üblen Sinne, oculi vertuntur, die Augen verdrehen sich, Cels.: u. intestinum verti videtur, der Darm scheint sich krampfhaft zu krümmen, Cels.

    2) übtr., u. zwar refl. vertere se u. medial vertī, a) v. Pers., irgendwo sich umherbewegen, sich umhertreiben, sich umhertummeln, v. se ante postes, Prop.: u. oft medial, verti in mediis catervis, Verg.: inter primos, Verg.: sub pedibus omnia verti regique videbunt, sich unter ihren Füßen zu winden (von den Untertanen), Verg. – b) v. der Zeit = umrollen, umlaufen, septima post Troiae excidium iam vertitur aestas, Verg.: decima haec iam vertitur aestas, Sil. – bes. im Partic., hunc mensem vertentem servibit, diesen vollen Monat, Plaut.: mense vertente, innerhalb eines M., Vitr.: intra finem anni vertentis, innerhalb des laufenden Jahres, Cic.: u. bes. anno vertente, im Verlauf-, innerhalb des Jahres od. eines Jahres, Cic. u. Nep.: u. so tum ille vere vertens annus appellari potest, ein völliges Jahr (vom großen Weltjahre, das aber selbst annus magnus heißt), Cic. de rep. 6, 24. Vgl. über annus vertens überhaupt Censor. 19 in.

    BB) bildl.: 1) im allg.: stimulos sub pectore, unter dem H. die St. drehen = das Herz zur Begeisterung anstacheln, Verg. Aen. 6, 101.

    2) insbes., u. zwar medial vertī, sich in irgend einem Gebiete, einem Fache, einem Elemente bewegen, a) v. Pers.: iam homo in mercatura vortitur, gibt sich schon mit dem Handel ab, Plaut. most. 639. – b) v. Lebl.: ubi ego video rem verti in meo foro, sich auf m.F. bewegt, vor mein F. gehört, von mir abhängt, Plaut.: in iure, in quo causa illa vertebatur (zu dessen Gebiete jener Prozeß gehörte), paratissimus, Cic.: in eo verti (drehe sich) spes civitatis, Liv. – quam maxime resisto, tam res in periculo vortitur, desto größer wird die G., Plaut.: in maiore discrimine domi res vertebatur, weit mißlicher stand es um usw., Liv. – omnia in unius potestate ac moderatione vertentur, die G.u.L. des Ganzen wird in der Hand eines einzigen liegen, Cic.: totum id vertitur in voluntate Philippi, hängt von der Gesinnung des Ph. ab, Liv.: in eo victoriam verti, darauf beruhe der S., das sei für den S. entscheidend, Liv.: in eo verti ceterorum animos, si etc., es sei für die Stimmung der übrigen entscheidend, Liv. – so auch mit circa u. Akk., cum circa hanc fere consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur (sich drehte), Liv. 36, 7, 1. – u.m. Advv., ibi summam rerum bellique verti, daß dort das ganze Schicksal des Staates u. Kr. entschieden werde, Liv.: ibi maiestatem regiam verti, unde soror Alexandri staret, auf deren Seite sei die k.M., zu denen sich die Schw. des Al. halte, Iustin. – u. impers., vertebatur (= vertebatur disceptatio in eo), utrum... an etc., darum drehte sich die Frage, ob... oder usw., Liv. 39, 48, 3.

    B) = invertere, convertere, umkehren, umwenden, AA) eig.: 1) im allg.: a) übh.: hominem in id latus, cuius auris eo modo laborat, auf die S. legen, Cels.: saepe stilum, Hor.: palpebram cotidie, Cels.: arma (bei einem Trauerzuge), Verg.: manum non vertere, s. 1. manus.(S. 807). – b) als t.t. des Landbaues, mit dem Pfluge od. mit der Hacke umwenden, wenden, bidentibus solum vertere utilius est, quam aratro, Colum.: u. so terram aratro, Verg. u. Hor., u. (poet.) ferro, Verg.: Massica rastris, Verg.: agros bove patrio, Prop.: lupinum in flore, Colum.: collem in quattuor pedes (vier F. tief), Colum. – poet. übtr., v. Rudernden, umwühlen, freta versa lacertis, Verg.: spumant vada marmore verso, Verg. – c) als t.t. der Weberkunst, die Spindel drehen, ad torquenda subtegmina in alveolis fusa vertantur, Hieron. epist. 130, 15. – d) ein Gefäß umkippen, umlegen u. so abzapfen, ausleeren, cadum, Plaut.; u. cadus non ante versus = ein noch nicht angezapfter, Hor.: crateras, ausleeren, Verg.

    2) insbes., gewaltsam umkehren, umstürzen, über den Haufen werfen, Cycnum vi, Ov.: fraxinos, Hor.: arces, Verg.: moenia ab imo, Verg.: summa in imum, Auson.: versa puppis, Lucan.: versi Penates, Verg.

    BB) bildl.: 1) im allg.: Callicratidas cum multa fecisset egregie, vertit ad extremum omnia, warf alles um = verdarb alles, Cic. de off. 1, 84.

    2) insbes.: a) gewaltsam umkehren, fortuna summa in imum vertit et versa erigit, kehrt das Oberste zu unterst, Auson. epigr. 143, 3. – b) politisch umstürzen, über den Haufen werfen, umstoßen, stürzen, zerrütten, zugrunde richten, verderben (vgl. Heräus Tac. hist. 1, 2 extr.), res Phrygias fundo, Verg.: regna ab imo, Sen. poët.: leges funditus (gänzlich), Tac.: cuncta secum, Verg.: ne socius rex, ne Armenia scelere et pecuniā verteretur, Tac.: versā Caesarum subole, Tac. – / Parag. Infin., vertier (vortier), Plaut. rud. 886. Lucr. 1, 710 u.a.

    lateinisch-deutsches > verto

  • 20 verto

    verto (archaist. vorto), vertī (vortī), versum (vorsum), ere (altind. vártatē, er dreht sich, got. waнrЮan, ahd. werdan, werden), nach einer anderen, bes. nach der entgegengesetzten Richtung kehren, wenden, drehen, umkehren, umwenden, umdrehen, refl. vertere se u. bl. vertere, u. Passiv verti medial, sich kehren, sich wenden, sich drehen, I) im allg.: A) eig.: 1) übh.: a) m. Angabe wohin? α) durch Praepp.: ora in alqm, Ov.: omnium ora in se, Tac.: raptum vexillum ad ripam, Tac.: currum in fugam, Curt.: aquam v. in subiecta, ableiten in die Niederungen, Tac.: equos ad moenia, Verg.: armentum ad litora, nach dem U. zutreiben, Ov.: mucronem in se, Liv. epit.: v. harpen in alqm, Ov.: morsus exiguam in Cererem (Brot), Verg. – refl., verti me a Minturnis Arpinum versus, Cic.: u. ohne se, ad Orientem vertit, kehrte um, Treb. Poll.: ut (sol) vortat metas ad solstitiales, Lucr.: alterius ramos videmus vertere in alterius, Verg.: o utinam vocula mea vertat in auriculas dominae, gelange, Prop.: Char. quo vortisti (wohin hast du dich gedreht = wohin siehst du)? Dem. ad illum qui emit, Plaut. merc. 434: u. passiv medial, velatum vortier ad lapidem, sich (anbetend) hinzuwenden zu einem (heiligen) Stein, Lucr.: homines, quorum oculi perversā semper acie vertantur, sich drehen, Firm. – β) durch Advv.: sidera retro, Verg.:
    ————
    quo vertere cursus (iubeat), Verg.: quo vocat, vertamus iter, Verg.: v. ora huc et huc, Hor.: nunc huc nunc illuc verso mari, Liv. – refl., vorte hāc te, puere, wende dich hierher = komm hierher, Plaut. – b) m. bl. Acc.: flumina et lacus, ableiten, Tac.: fores cardine tacito, leise aufmachen, Tibull.; vgl. verso cardine strepitum fecit, Ov.: clavem vertere (umdrehen), Iulian. bei Augustin.: simulat gradu discedere verso, Ov.; vgl. verso pede premere arenam, Ov.: u. ille tuus tam cito vertit pennas amor? hat seine Fittige gewendet (= hat sich von mir entfernt, mich aufgegeben)? Prop. – refl., cum haesisset descendenti (virgini Vestali) stola, vertit se et recollegit, Plin. ep. 4, 11, 9. – 2) als milit. t.t.: alqm (hostes, equites u. dgl.) in fugam, in die Fl. treiben, -schlagen, Auct. b. Afr., Liv. u.a.: u. so bl. agmina, Verg.: u. Philippis versa acies retro, die zu Ph. verlorene Schlacht, Hor. – iter retro, eine rückgängige Bewegung machen, Liv.; vgl. ni Vitellium retro Fortuna vertisset, zur Umkehr genötigt hätte, Tac. – terga v., kehrtmachen = fliehen, Caes. u.a.: u. so refl., se, Caes. u.a.: u. ohne se, versuros omnes in fugam extemplo ratus, überzeugt, daß alle sofort kehrtmachen würden, Liv. – in circumsedentes Capuam se vertit, wendete sich gegen usw., Liv. 26, 5, 4. – 3) von der örtl. Lage, bes. als geogr. t.t., refl. Scytharum gens, haud procul Thraciā sita, ab oriente ad septentrionem se vertit, wohnt in der Rich-
    ————
    tung von O.n.N. (= nordöstlich), Curt. 7, 7 (29), 3. – u. medial, versus in od. ad m. Akk., gewendet, gerichtet, hin- od. hinausgehend, hin- od. hinausliegend u. dgl., squamarum series a cauda ad caput versa, hinlaufend, Plin.: v. Örtlichkeiten, fenestrae in viam versae, Liv.: Epirus in septentrionem versa, Liv.: mare ad occidentem versum, Liv.: (Maeander) nunc ad fontes, nunc in mare versus, hinlaufend, Ov.: u. so (Rhenus) modico flexu in occidentem versus, Tac.: versa est Pachynos ad austros, liegt nach Süden, Ov.
    B) bildl.: 1) im allg.: a) übh.: α) mit Angabe wohin? αα) durch Praepp.: usum olei ad luxuriam, den Gebr. des Öles zur Verschwendung wenden, d.i. bis zur Verschwendung treiben, Plin.: in se studia civium, Tac.: v. bonas aures ad pacem, dem Fr. gütiges Gehör zu schenken geneigt sein, Prop.: indomitum animum in bonum, Tac.: animum alias ad curas, Tac.: consilia curasque in oppugnationem Placentiae, Tac.: venena et artes in alium, Tac.: in nos vertite iras, Liv.: patrem ab alienis in suos vertisse superbiam, Liv. – Passiv, versa Romam res, wurde die Sache (Untersuchung) nach Rom gespielt, Liv.: summa curae in Bostarem versa erat, die Hauptsorge war dem B. zugewälzt, lag auf B., Liv. – in admirationem versus (rex), zur B. hingerissen, Liv. – verti certamine irarum ad caedem, hingetrieben werden, Liv.: u. so solitae cu-
    ————
    pidine caedis in pecudes, Ov. – medial, in quem (Scipionem) tum omnis civitas versa erat, die Augen der ganzen St. (voll Erwartung) gerichtet waren, Liv.: pater totus in Persea versus, dem P. ganz zugewandt, sich ganz hingebend, Liv. – refl. ohne se, zB. periculum in creditores a debitoribus verterat, Liv.: omnis ira belli ad populationem vertit, ging am Ende hinaus auf B., Liv. – verterat periculum in Romanos, Liv., pernicies ad accusatorem, Tac. – Caesar vertit in Sabinum, lenkte (in dem Schreiben) auf den S. ein, Tac. ann. 4, 70. – ββ) durch Advv.: quo me vortam, wohin soll ich mich (in meiner Not, Verlegenheit) wenden? Ter.: redigam ut, quo se vortat, nesciat, daß er sich nicht zu raten u. zu helfen weiß, Ter.: quo se verteret, nesciebat, Cic.: quoquo verteris, wie man es auch drehen u. wenden mag, Cic. – depulsi aemulatione alio vertunt, davon abgebracht durch Eifersucht, nehmen sie eine andere Wendung, schlagen sie einen anderen Weg ein, Tac. ann. 1, 18: u. so bl. ut verteret, Tac. ann. 4. 10. – β) mit bl. Acc.: versa amicitiae terga dedere meae, kehrten meiner Fr. den Rücken, Ov.: v. sinistrum lenti itineris rumorem prospero proelio, (von sich) abwenden, Tac. – b) Gelder, Einkünfte wohin wenden, d.i. α) zuwenden, ex illa pecunia magnam partem ad se, sich aneignen, Cic.: in se Cotyi data, Tac.: litem in suam rem, das Streitobjekt sich zusprechen, Liv.: Lugdunensium reditus in fi-
    ————
    scum, zum F. schlagen, Tac. – u. so wohl verte aliquid, wende dir etwas zu = mache eine Prellerei, ein betrügerisches Geschäft, Pers. 5, 137. – β) wie unser » wohin wenden« = verwenden, benutzen, pecuniam in suos usus, ICt.: pecuniam mutuam in rem alcis, ICt. – captos in praedam, Tac.: seditiosa in praedam, Tac.: occasionem ad bonum publicum, Tac. – c) etwas so u. so (auf die üble od. gute Seite) wenden, m. in u. Akk. od. m. bl. Dat. zur Ang. wozu? α) in der Beurteilung, machen, gereichen lassen zu usw., ansehen als usw., comitia biennio habita in religionem, zu einem Gegenstande frommen Bedenkens machen, Liv.: ne ea, quae rei publicae causā egerit, in suam contumeliam vertat, zu einer Beleidigung gegen sich, Caes.: Romanos obicis mihi et ea, quae gloriae esse debent, in crimen vertis, Liv.: ne sibi vitio verterent, quod etc., Cic. – in prodigium versa ea tempestas, Liv. – β) in der Ausführung, so u. so wenden = die u. die Wendung geben, so u. so ausschlagen, -ablaufen lassen, u. refl. (ohne se) u. Pass. medial, sich wenden, die u. die Wendung nehmen, so u. so ausschlagen, ablaufen, somnia in melius, Tibull.: cognomen in risum, ins Lächerliche ziehen, Hor.: di bene vortant quod agas, Ter. – refl., haec... extemplo in invidiam, mox etiam in perniciem Demetrio verterunt, Liv.: detrimentum in bonum verteret, Caes.: auspicia in bonum verterunt, Liv.: ne memoria Augusti,
    ————
    ne nomen Caesarum in ludibria et contumelias verterent, Tac.: magnitudo pecuniae malo vertit (sc. ei), wurde sein Unglück, Tac.: quae res bene vortat mihi, Plaut.: quae res tibi vertat male, Ter.: quod bene, nec bene vertat, Liv. u. Verg.: u. medial, factum est versum in laudem, Liv. – d) in der Beurteilung auf jmd. od. etw. (als Urheber, Ursache) etw. wenden = jmdm. od. einem Umstande usw. etwas zuschreiben, beimessen, devictorum Samnitium decus ad legatos est versum, Liv.: v. omnium secundorum adversorumque causas in deos, Liv.: quaeque alia in deûm iras vertunt (sc. homines), Liv.: quam rem alii in superbiam vertebant, Sall.
    2) insbes.: a) etw. wenden, d.i. etw. ändern, verändern, wechseln, α) Körperliches: comas (durch Färben) v., Prop.: u. so capillum, Tertull.: furentium certa indicia sunt audax et minax vultus... color versus, veränderte, wechselnde Gesichtfsarbe (= Sich- Verfärben), Sen. – auster in Africum se vertit, schlug zum Südwestwind um, Caes. – β) Zustände usw.: iussa, Verg.: quae mea culpa tuam mentem vertit? Ov.: u. so quae sententia te (dich = deine Gesinnung) vertit? Verg.: statum, Tertull. – refl., vorterunt se memoriae (Zeiten), Plaut.: fortuna iam verterat, hatte sich gewendet (geändert), Liv. – medial, omnia vertuntur, certe vertuntur amores, Prop.: videte, quam versa et mutata in peiorem partem sint omnia, Cic.:
    ————
    verso civitatis statu, Tac.: verso Marte, Liv.: versis ad prospera fatis, Ov.: versā vice, umgekehrt, Sen. poët., Iustin. u.a.: versa facundia, Poesie, Apul. – b) seinem ganzen Wesen, seiner Gestalt nach in etw. übergehen lassen, verwandeln, pectora in silicem, Ov.: alqd in lapidem, Ov.: in cinerem, s. cinis: Niobe, quae nimio fletu in lapidem versa est, Hyg. – refl. u. medial = in etw. übergehen, sich verwandeln, zu etw. werden, se in imaginem Amphitruonis (v. Jupiter), Plaut.: terra in aquam se vertit, Cic.: se in omnes facies, Verg.: vidit fusa in obscenum se vertere vina cruorem, Verg. – medial, in pus verti, Cels.: verti in parva animalia, Ov.: m. Acc. resp., formam vertitur oris antiquum in Buten, verwandelt sich an Gestalt in den alten B., Verg. – c) Schriftwerke usw. übertragen, übersetzen, Philemo scripsit (fabulam), Plautus barbare (lateinisch) vertit, Plaut.: si sic verterem Platonem, ut verterunt nostri poëtae fabulas, Cic.: verti etiam multa de Graecis, Cic.: v. Graeca in Latinum, Quint.: annales ex Graeco in Latinum sermonem, Liv.: ex Graeco in Latinum vel ex Latino vertere in Graecum, Plin. ep. – d) als publiz. t.t., v. solum, sich außer Landes begeben, auswandern, bes. v. Verbannten, dah. oft mit dem Zusatz exsilii causā, Cic. u.a.: vertere solum exsilio, Amm. 15, 3, 12.
    II) prägn.: A) = versare, wie drehen prägn. = wieder und wieder drehen, hin und her drehen, -wen-
    ————
    den, fort und fort herumdrehen, -wenden, refl. vertere se u. Pass. vertī medial, sich (hin und her-, sich herum-) drehen, AA) eig. u. übtr.: 1) eig.: lumina, rollen (v. der Gorgo), Verg.: caput, herumrollen, - wälzen (v. Meere), Prop. – medial, vertitur interea caelum (dreht sich [um die Erde]) cum ingentibus signis, Enn.: u. so vertitur interea caelum et ruit (bricht herauf) Oceano Nox, Verg.: si oculi cum dolore vertuntur, wenn sich die Augen unter Schmerz bewegen (bei der Bewegung die Augen schmerzen), Cels.; aber im üblen Sinne, oculi vertuntur, die Augen verdrehen sich, Cels.: u. intestinum verti videtur, der Darm scheint sich krampfhaft zu krümmen, Cels.
    2) übtr., u. zwar refl. vertere se u. medial vertī, a) v. Pers., irgendwo sich umherbewegen, sich umhertreiben, sich umhertummeln, v. se ante postes, Prop.: u. oft medial, verti in mediis catervis, Verg.: inter primos, Verg.: sub pedibus omnia verti regique videbunt, sich unter ihren Füßen zu winden (von den Untertanen), Verg. – b) v. der Zeit = umrollen, umlaufen, septima post Troiae excidium iam vertitur aestas, Verg.: decima haec iam vertitur aestas, Sil. – bes. im Partic., hunc mensem vertentem servibit, diesen vollen Monat, Plaut.: mense vertente, innerhalb eines M., Vitr.: intra finem anni vertentis, innerhalb des laufenden Jahres, Cic.: u. bes. anno vertente, im Verlauf-, innerhalb des Jahres od. eines Jahres, Cic.
    ————
    u. Nep.: u. so tum ille vere vertens annus appellari potest, ein völliges Jahr (vom großen Weltjahre, das aber selbst annus magnus heißt), Cic. de rep. 6, 24. Vgl. über annus vertens überhaupt Censor. 19 in.
    BB) bildl.: 1) im allg.: stimulos sub pectore, unter dem H. die St. drehen = das Herz zur Begeisterung anstacheln, Verg. Aen. 6, 101.
    2) insbes., u. zwar medial vertī, sich in irgend einem Gebiete, einem Fache, einem Elemente bewegen, a) v. Pers.: iam homo in mercatura vortitur, gibt sich schon mit dem Handel ab, Plaut. most. 639. – b) v. Lebl.: ubi ego video rem verti in meo foro, sich auf m.F. bewegt, vor mein F. gehört, von mir abhängt, Plaut.: in iure, in quo causa illa vertebatur (zu dessen Gebiete jener Prozeß gehörte), paratissimus, Cic.: in eo verti (drehe sich) spes civitatis, Liv. – quam maxime resisto, tam res in periculo vortitur, desto größer wird die G., Plaut.: in maiore discrimine domi res vertebatur, weit mißlicher stand es um usw., Liv. – omnia in unius potestate ac moderatione vertentur, die G.u.L. des Ganzen wird in der Hand eines einzigen liegen, Cic.: totum id vertitur in voluntate Philippi, hängt von der Gesinnung des Ph. ab, Liv.: in eo victoriam verti, darauf beruhe der S., das sei für den S. entscheidend, Liv.: in eo verti ceterorum animos, si etc., es sei für die Stimmung der übrigen entscheidend, Liv. – so auch mit circa u. Akk., cum circa hanc
    ————
    fere consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur (sich drehte), Liv. 36, 7, 1. – u.m. Advv., ibi summam rerum bellique verti, daß dort das ganze Schicksal des Staates u. Kr. entschieden werde, Liv.: ibi maiestatem regiam verti, unde soror Alexandri staret, auf deren Seite sei die k.M., zu denen sich die Schw. des Al. halte, Iustin. – u. impers., vertebatur (= vertebatur disceptatio in eo), utrum... an etc., darum drehte sich die Frage, ob... oder usw., Liv. 39, 48, 3.
    B) = invertere, convertere, umkehren, umwenden, AA) eig.: 1) im allg.: a) übh.: hominem in id latus, cuius auris eo modo laborat, auf die S. legen, Cels.: saepe stilum, Hor.: palpebram cotidie, Cels.: arma (bei einem Trauerzuge), Verg.: manum non vertere, s. manus (S. 807). – b) als t.t. des Landbaues, mit dem Pfluge od. mit der Hacke umwenden, wenden, bidentibus solum vertere utilius est, quam aratro, Colum.: u. so terram aratro, Verg. u. Hor., u. (poet.) ferro, Verg.: Massica rastris, Verg.: agros bove patrio, Prop.: lupinum in flore, Colum.: collem in quattuor pedes (vier F. tief), Colum. – poet. übtr., v. Rudernden, umwühlen, freta versa lacertis, Verg.: spumant vada marmore verso, Verg. – c) als t.t. der Weberkunst, die Spindel drehen, ad torquenda subtegmina in alveolis fusa vertantur, Hieron. epist. 130, 15. – d) ein Gefäß umkippen, umlegen u. so abzapfen, ausleeren, cadum, Plaut.; u. cadus non ante ver-
    ————
    sus = ein noch nicht angezapfter, Hor.: crateras, ausleeren, Verg.
    2) insbes., gewaltsam umkehren, umstürzen, über den Haufen werfen, Cycnum vi, Ov.: fraxinos, Hor.: arces, Verg.: moenia ab imo, Verg.: summa in imum, Auson.: versa puppis, Lucan.: versi Penates, Verg.
    BB) bildl.: 1) im allg.: Callicratidas cum multa fecisset egregie, vertit ad extremum omnia, warf alles um = verdarb alles, Cic. de off. 1, 84.
    2) insbes.: a) gewaltsam umkehren, fortuna summa in imum vertit et versa erigit, kehrt das Oberste zu unterst, Auson. epigr. 143, 3. – b) politisch umstürzen, über den Haufen werfen, umstoßen, stürzen, zerrütten, zugrunde richten, verderben (vgl. Heräus Tac. hist. 1, 2 extr.), res Phrygias fundo, Verg.: regna ab imo, Sen. poët.: leges funditus (gänzlich), Tac.: cuncta secum, Verg.: ne socius rex, ne Armenia scelere et pecuniā verteretur, Tac.: versā Caesarum subole, Tac. – ⇒ Parag. Infin., vertier (vortier), Plaut. rud. 886. Lucr. 1, 710 u.a.

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См. также в других словарях:

  • NOVITII — servi proprie dicti sunt recentes: Veteratores vero sive Veterani, reliqui. Ulpianus l. 37. ff. de Aedil. Ed. Praecipiunt Aediles ne veterator pro novitio veneat. Item, Quia Venalitiarii seiunt, facile decurri ad Novitiorum emptionem, idcirco… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • VESTIS — primi hominis innocentia fuit, cui postquam iniquitas successit, vidit se nudum esse, et consutis foliis fecit sibi subligacula, Genes. c. 3. v. 7. ut sic membris minime honestis honorem circumponeret, prout loquitur Paulus 1. Corinth. c. 12. v.… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • UBER — Becmanno a succo, ὕειν, unde uligo ab ὕλη Aliis ab δ᾿´φορον et εὔπορον: Nonnullis ab Aeolico οὖφαρ, quod communiter οὖθαρ, ut οὖθαρ ἀρούρης, apud Homer. Il. 1. v. 141. quod uber glebae Virg. l. 1. Aen. v. 535. uber soli Solinus exponunt. Vide… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

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